Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging branch of science wherein various valuable molecules with altered properties can be synthesized and utilized for numerous technological applications. Nowadays, nanotechnology is the preferred tool for the agriculture, food, and medicine industries. However, consistent accumulation of toxic by-products during the synthesis of nanoparticles from the established physical and chemical methods imposes an unprecedented danger to the environment and human well-being. The biological route for the synthesis of nanoparticles offers a potential option over the conventional chemical synthesis process due to the involvement of non-toxic and environmentally friendly materials, such as plants, fungi, bacteria, etc. Phytosynthesis, a type of biological synthesis, utilizes various combinations of secondary metabolites from different plant parts (whole plant, leaves, fruit peel, root, bark, seeds, and stem) for non-toxic and environmentally friendly nanoparticles fabrication. Non-toxic and environmentally friendly secondary metabolites derived from plants are the sources of reducing and capping agents during the biosynthesis of nanoparticles which proceeds in a controlled manner with desired characteristics. Phytosynthesis of nanoparticles is also a simple, economic, durable, and reproducible process. The present article is a comprehensive depiction of the synthesis of different metal nanoparticles from diverse plant species.
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Acknowledgements
Sekhar Tiwari is thankful to P P Savani University, Dhamdod, Kosamba, Surat, Gujarat for providing the support. Sachin Kumar Verma, Pratima Bhagat, Smriti Yadav, Rajesh Sharma, Umesh Kumar Dwivedi, Gajendra Kumar Aseri, Jagdip Singh Sohal, Deepansh Sharma, Deepti Singh and Neeraj Khare are thankful to Amity University Rajasthan, for providing continuous support during writing this review article. We are grateful to Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, India (grant number SB/YS/LS-96/2014) for financial support to Dr. Neeraj Khare.
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ST and SKV, have compiled the review. ST, PB, SY, GKA, JSS, DS, UKD and RS have finalized the figure and table. The review has been checked and revised by NK.
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Tiwari, S., Verma, S.K., Bhagat, P. et al. An overview of the phytosynthesis of various metal nanoparticles. 3 Biotech 11, 478 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-03014-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-03014-0