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Formulation and characterization of folate receptor-targeted PEGylated liposome encapsulating bioactive compounds from Kappaphycus alvarezii for cancer therapy

3 Biotech volume 10, Article number: 136 (2020) Cite this article

Abstract

This study aimed to formulate and characterize the folate receptor-targeted PEGylated liposome encapsulating bioactive compounds from Kappaphycus alvarezii to enhance the anticancer activity. Twenty valued bioactive compounds (3-hydroxy benzoicacid, gallicacid, chlorogenicacid, cinnamicacid, artemiseole, hydrazine carbothioamide, etc.,) are confirmed from methanol extract of K. alvarezii using analytical techniques like HPLC and GC–MS. The delivery of bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii via naturally overexpressed folate receptor (FR) to FR-positive breast cancer cells was studied. FR targeted PEGylated liposome was constructed by modified thin-film hydration technique using FA-PEG-DSPE/cholesterol/DSPC (5:40:55) and bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii was encapsulated. Their morphology, size, shape, physiological stability and drug release kinetics were studied. The study reports of K. alvarezii extract-encapsulated PEGylated liposome showed spherical shaped particles with amorphous in nature. The mean diameter of K. alvarezii extract–encapsulated PEGylated and FA-conjugated PEGylated liposomes was found to be 110 ± 6 nm and 140 ± 5 nm, respectively. Based on the stability studies, it could be confirmed that FA-conjugated PEGylated liposome was highly stable in various physiological buffer medium. FA-conjugated PEGylated liposome can steadily release the bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii extract in acidic medium (pH 5.4). MTT assay demonstrated the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells after 24 h with IC50 of 81 µg/mL. Also, PEGylated liposome enhanced the delivery of K. alvarezii extract in MCF-7 cells. After treatment, typical apoptotic morphology of condensed nuclei and distorted membrane bodies was picturized. Additionally, PEGylated liposome targets the mitochondria of MCF-7 cells and significantly increased the level of ROS and contributes to the damage of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Hence, PEGylated liposome could positively deliver the bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii extract into FR-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and exhibit great potential in anticancer therapy.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Tamilnadu State Council for Science and Technology (Student Projects Scheme 2018–19, No: 039), India. The authors are also grateful to Chancellor, Vice-President and Vice-Chancellor of Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India for utilizing research facilities.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, 626126, India

    Suraj Baskararaj, Sankarganesh Arunachalam, Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian, Uma Priya Mohan, Vigneshwaran Ravishankar & Selvaraj Kunjiappan

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saraswathi College of Pharmacy, NH-24, Anwarpur, Pilkhuwa, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, 245304, India

    Theivendren Panneerselvam

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MNR College of Pharmacy, Fasalwadi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502294, India

    Saravanan Govindaraj

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India

    Pavadai Parasuraman

  5. Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India

    Murugesan Sankaranarayanan

  6. School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India

    Ponnusamy Palanisamy

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  1. Suraj Baskararaj
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  2. Theivendren Panneerselvam
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  3. Saravanan Govindaraj
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  6. Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
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  7. Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
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  8. Uma Priya Mohan
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  9. Ponnusamy Palanisamy
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  10. Vigneshwaran Ravishankar
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  11. Selvaraj Kunjiappan
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Contributions

SK, TP, SB, SG, SA, UPM and MS designed research; SK, SB, PP, SG, UPM and SRK performed research; MS, PP and VR contributed reagents or analytical tools. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Theivendren Panneerselvam, Murugesan Sankaranarayanan or Selvaraj Kunjiappan.

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Baskararaj, S., Panneerselvam, T., Govindaraj, S. et al. Formulation and characterization of folate receptor-targeted PEGylated liposome encapsulating bioactive compounds from Kappaphycus alvarezii for cancer therapy. 3 Biotech 10, 136 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-2132-7

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Keywords

  • Apoptosis
  • Breast cancer
  • Folate receptor
  • Kappaphycus alvarezii
  • Liposome