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Nutrition and antioxidant profiling in the unpolished and polished grains of eleven indigenous aromatic rice cultivars

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Abstract

The present study emphasized on the yet-unexplored exhaustive analyses of nutritional and antioxidant parameters in the unpolished and polished grains of eleven indigenous aromatic rice varieties. Tulaipanji appeared to be a highly demanding variety by virtue of having sufficient levels of micronutrients like Fe, Zn and Cu (linked with higher expression of fer2, ZIP and NAS3), inorganic phosphorus, hexose sugars, total amino acids and lysine (correlated with higher expression of glutelin and RLRH1), tocopherol (due to higher HGGT expression), total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins (concomitant with higher expression of PPO, PAL and ANS), LOX activity and LOX1 gene expression, and overall higher total antioxidant capacity, particularly in the polished grains. The importance of IET-21261, with regard to higher content of phytic acid and total phosphorus (with high IPK1 expression), β-carotene (with high PSY expression) and tocopherol (with high HGGT expression), and of Kalonunia, with respect to cysteine and γ-oryzanol in the polished grains, was also significant. Lower α-amylase enzyme activity and α-amylase expression led to considerable starch accumulation, with lower sucrose content, in the unpolished grains of Radhunipagal and polished grains of Pusa Basmati-1. Paramanya registered the highest content of thiamine and TH1 expression, together with minimum methylglyoxal level (low TPI expression). Paramanya and Radhunipagal maintained a higher pool of majority of the nutritional and antioxidant components in their unpolished grains. The polished grains of all the genotypes showed strikingly lower nutritional constituents, as compared to unpolished grains. The knowledge gained from this study will largely provide a road map to the farmers and rice consumers for making proper choice of the aromatic genotypes for large-scale cultivation and dietary consumption to derive maximum nutritional benefits.

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Acknowledgements

Financial assistance from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, through the research Grant [38(1387)/14/EMR-II] is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to acknowledge Chinsurah Rice Research Station, West Bengal, and Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya (BCKV), West Bengal, for providing the seeds of all the aromatic rice varieties used in this investigation. The authors are thankful to Mr. Aditya Banerjee for his sincere help and co-operation during the RNA isolation process and expression analyses of few genes.

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  1. Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India

    Puja Ghosh & Aryadeep Roychoudhury

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  1. Puja Ghosh
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Correspondence to Aryadeep Roychoudhury.

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Ghosh, P., Roychoudhury, A. Nutrition and antioxidant profiling in the unpolished and polished grains of eleven indigenous aromatic rice cultivars. 3 Biotech 10, 548 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02542-5

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