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Cytotoxicity and insulin resistance reversal ability of biofunctional phytosynthesized MgO nanoparticles

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Abstract

The present study investigates the cytotoxicity of hexagonal MgO nanoparticles synthesized via Amaranthus tricolor leaf extract and spherical MgO nanoparticles synthesized via Amaranthus blitum and Andrographis paniculata leaf extracts. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that the hexagonal MgO nanoparticles synthesized from A. tricolor extract demonstrated the least toxicity to both diabetic and non-diabetic cells at 600 μl/ml dosage. The viability of the diabetic cells (3T3-L1) after incubation with varying dosages of MgO nanoparticles was observed to be 55.3%. The viability of normal VERO cells was 86.6% and this stabilized to about 75% even after exposure to MgO nanoparticles dosage of up to 1000 μl/ml. Colorimetric glucose assay revealed that the A. tricolor extract synthesized MgO nanoparticles resulted in ~ 28% insulin resistance reversal. A reduction in the expression of GLUT4 protein at 54 KDa after MgO nanopaSrticles incubation with diabetic cells was observed via western blot analysis to confirm insulin reversal ability. Fluorescence microscopic analysis with propidium iodide and acridine orange dyes showed the release of reactive oxygen species as a possible mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of MgO nanoparticles. It was inferred that the synergistic effect of the phytochemicals and MgO nanoparticles played a significant role in delivering enhanced insulin resistance reversal capability in adipose cells.

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© The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) on behalf of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

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Abbreviations

AMPK:

5′ Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNS:

Dinitro salicylic acid

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

GLUT4:

Glucose transporter4

MgO:

Magnesium oxide

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NCCS:

National Cell Culture Society

PARS:

Poly (ADP-Ribose) synthetase

PBS:

Phosphate buffered saline

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene difluoride

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

USA:

United States of America

w/v:

Weight per volume

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  1. CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal

    Jaison Jeevanandam

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Yen San Chan

  3. Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA

    Michael K. Danquah

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  1. Jaison Jeevanandam
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Jeevanandam, J., Chan, Y.S. & Danquah, M.K. Cytotoxicity and insulin resistance reversal ability of biofunctional phytosynthesized MgO nanoparticles. 3 Biotech 10, 489 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02480-2

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