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Inhibition of pathogenic Vibrio harveyi using calamenene, derived from the Indian gorgonian Subergorgia reticulata, and its synthetic analog

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Abstract

We report the synthesis and antimicrobial properties of a partially reduced dihydronathphthoquinone analogue of 2-methoxy, 5-acetoxy calamenene, extracted from Subergorgia reticulata. The growth of a pathogenic Vibrio harveyi strain was effectively controlled by the calamenene derivative 1 (Cala1) and its synthetic analog 2 (Cala2). Complete mortality of V. harveyi was observed with 2.5 and 0.5 µg mL−1 concentrations of Cala1 and Cala2, respectively. The metabolic assays demonstrated that Cala1 is a bacteriostatic agent while Cala2 showed bactericidal properties. It was confirmed that translocation of Cala2 into the cytoplasm does not induce any change to the integrity of the bacterial cell wall. The Cala2 induced damage to the genetic material of 70% of cells while genetic material of 91% of cells treated with Cala1 remained intact. The Cala2 is, therefore, proposed as a potential bactericidal compound against the aquaculture pathogen V. harveyi. The fact that the Cala2 exhibited minimal cytotoxicity to Artemia nauplii indicates its potential use as an antimicrobial agent for aquaculture operations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Directors of CSIR—National Institute of Oceanography, Goa and the Scientist-in-Charge, NIO Regional Centre, Kochi, for extending all required support in carrying out this work.

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  1. V. P. Limna Mol

    Present address: School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (KUFOS), Panangad, Kerala, 682506, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Regional Centre, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India

    V. P. Limna Mol, Anas Abdulaziz, K. G. Sneha, P. J. Praveen, T. V. Raveendran & P. S. Parameswaran

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  1. V. P. Limna Mol
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Limna Mol, V.P., Abdulaziz, A., Sneha, K.G. et al. Inhibition of pathogenic Vibrio harveyi using calamenene, derived from the Indian gorgonian Subergorgia reticulata, and its synthetic analog. 3 Biotech 10, 248 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02241-1

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