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Multifarious cholesterol lowering potential of lactic acid bacteria equipped with desired probiotic functional attributes

3 Biotech volume 10, Article number: 200 (2020) Cite this article

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates possessed functional probiotic attributes, such as high hydrophobicity and autoaggregation ability, coaggregation capability with bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential, and hypocholesterolemic effects. Selected potential probiotic LAB, i.e. Lactobacillus paracasei M3, L. casei M5, L. paracasei M7, and few others were studied for their ability to lower cholesterol using a number of methods viz. cholesterol assimilation, bile salt deconjugation, cholesterol co-precipitation, cholesterol adhesion to probiotic cell wall, and miceller sequestration of cholesterol. L. casei M5 showed maximum bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, and released 57.63 nmol of glycine/min, and was closely followed by LAB isolate M9 which generated 52.12 nmol of glycine/min. Sodium glycocholate was deconjugated by L. casei M5 to produce 27.77 μmol/mL of cholic acid, while other isolates produced 20–26 μmol/mL of cholic acid. Cholesterol was assimilated significantly by isolate M6 (82.15%) and L. casei M5 (76.51%). L. casei M5 showed higher cholesterol co-precipitation ability (50.16 μg/mL) as compared to other LAB isolates (33–44 μg/mL). Miceller cholesterol concentration was reduced maximally by LAB isolate M8 (87.5%), followed by isolates M5 (84.75%), M9 (84%), M10 (80%), and M37 (79%). Higher cell wall adhesion of cholesterol was realized by L. casei M5 (42.48 μg/mL) than other LAB isolates (30–40 μg/mL). Selected LAB probiotics demonstrated short chain fatty acid (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) producing ability, yet another way of probiotics-mediated cholesterol lowering.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Bijender Kumar Bajaj gratefully acknowledges VLIR-UOS for ‘Short Research Stay Scholarship’ (‘SRS’ Scholarship) at the Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; ERASMUS-MUNDUS for Invited Professorship at University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Department of Science and Technology (Government of India), for granting Research Project (Ref. SR/SO/BB-66/2007), and Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, for financial support. Ms Bilqeesa Bhat gratefully acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for CSIR-Senior Research Fellowship for Doctoral Research. Authors gratefully acknowledge the following for critically reading and correcting the MS for English language: Dr. R.S. Jayasomu, Chief Scientist, CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi, India Dr. Garima Gupta, Senior Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Jammu, Jammu, and Mr. Hardik Bajaj, Jammu. Authors thank the Director, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, for laboratory facilities.

Funding

This study was funded by the Department of Science and Technology (Govt. of India) (Grant no. Ref. SR/SO/BB-66/2007) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (Grant no. SRF).

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  1. School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, India

    Bilqeesa Bhat & Bijender Kumar Bajaj

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  1. Bilqeesa Bhat
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  2. Bijender Kumar Bajaj
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BKB conceptualized the research hypothesis, and planned the experiments; BB designed and performed the experiments; BKB and BB analyzed and interpreted the data, and BB wrote the draft MS; BKB corrected and submitted the MS.

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Correspondence to Bijender Kumar Bajaj.

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Bhat, B., Bajaj, B.K. Multifarious cholesterol lowering potential of lactic acid bacteria equipped with desired probiotic functional attributes. 3 Biotech 10, 200 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02183-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02183-8

Keywords

  • Probiotics
  • Hypocholesterolemia
  • Lactobacillus casei
  • Lactobacillus paracasei
  • Bile salt hydrolase