Abstract
Plant probiotic potential of rhizosphere microbiome and its role in phytofertilizer mobilization are largely unexplored. In the current study, the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens R68 (PFR68) isolated from Western Ghat was analyzed for its growth enhancement effect on the leafy vegetable Amaranthus tricolor (L.). One month of field growth of PFR68 inoculated A. tricolor has found to have enhanced growth parameters such as leaf number (1.57 fold), root number (1.76 fold), shoot length (1.28 fold) and fresh weight (2.31 fold). The treatment also improved soil fertility in terms of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium content. Most remarkably, application of PFR68 alone and 50% of recommended NPK dose along with PFR68 has resulted in enhanced growth of A. tricolor comparable to plants treated with full dose of NPK. In addition to this, application of PFR68 along with 50% NPK augmented the available Nitrogen and Phosphorus content in soil. This indicates the potential of selected organism in enrichment of soil health and enhancement of crop productivity. In conclusion, field performance of PFR68 on growth of A. tricolor confirms its promises to develop into plant probiotic formulation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbasi MK, Yousra M (2012) Synergistic effects of biofertilizer with organic and chemical N sources in improving soil nutrient status and increasing growth and yield of wheat grown under greenhouse conditions. Plant Biosyst Int J Deal Asp Plant Biol 146:181–189. doi:10.1080/11263504.2012.695296
Adesemoye AO, Egamberdieva D (2013) Beneficial effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on improved crop production: prospects for developing economies. pp 45–63. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37241-4_2
Ahemad M, Kibret M (2014) Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. J King Saud Univ Sci 26:1–20. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2013.05.001
Babalola OO (2010) Beneficial bacteria of agricultural importance. Biotechnol Lett 32:1559–1570. doi:10.1007/s10529-010-0347-0
Banchio E, Bogino PC, Zygadlo J, Giordano W (2008) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and essential oil yield in Origanum majorana L. Biochem Syst Ecol 36:766–771. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2008.08.006
Beneduzi A, Ambrosini A, Passaglia LM (2012) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): their potential as antagonists and biocontrol agents. Genet Mol Biol 35:1044–1051
Beswa D, Dlamini NR, Siwela M, Amonsou EO, Kolanisi U (2016) Effect of Amaranth addition on the nutritional composition and consumer acceptability of extruded provitamin A-biofortified maize snacks. Food Sci Technol (Camp) 36:30–39. doi:10.1590/1678-457x.6813
Bhardwaj D, Ansari M, Sahoo R, Tuteja N (2014) Biofertilizers function as key player in sustainable agriculture by improving soil fertility, plant tolerance and crop productivity. Microb Cell Fact 13:66. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-13-66
Cakmakci R et al (2007) The influence of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria on growth and enzyme activities in wheat and spinach plants. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 170:288–295
Figueiredo MDVB, Bonifacio A, Rodrigues AC, de Araujo FF (2016) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: key mechanisms of action. pp 23–37. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0388-2_3
Hayat R, Ali S, Amara U, Khalid R, Ahmed I (2010) Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: a review. Ann Microbiol 60:579–598. doi:10.1007/s13213-010-0117-1
John Jimtha C, Radhakrishnan EK (2016) Multipotent plant probiotic rhizobacteria from Western Ghats and its effect on quantitative enhancement of medicinal natural product biosynthesis. In: Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, India section B: biological sciences. doi:10.1007/s40011-016-0810-3
Nadeem SM, Zahir ZA, Naveed M, Ashraf M (2010) Microbial ACC-deaminase: prospects and applications for inducing salt tolerance in plants. Crit Rev Plant Sci 29:360–393. doi:10.1080/07352689.2010.524518
Parmar N, Dadarwal KR (1999) Stimulation of nitrogen fixation and induction of flavonoid-like compounds by rhizobacteria. J Appl Microbiol 86:36–44. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00634.x
Risgaard-Petersen N, Revsbech NP, Rysgaard S (1995) Combined microdiffusion-hypobromite oxidation method for determining nitrogen-15 isotope in ammonium. Soil Sci Soc Am J 59:1077. doi:10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900040018x
Sandhya V, Ali SZ, Grover M, Reddy G, Venkateswarlu B (2010) Effect of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp. on compatible solutes, antioxidant status and plant growth of maize under drought stress. Plant Growth Regul 62:21–30. doi:10.1007/s10725-010-9479-4
Sarker A, Kashem MA, Osman KT, Hossain I, Ahmed F (2014) Evaluation of available phosphorus by soil test methods in an acidic soil incubated with different levels of lime and phosphorus. Open J Soil Sci 04:103–108. doi:10.4236/ojss.2014.43014
Sato JH, Figueiredo CCd, Marchão RL, Madari BE, Benedito LEC, Busato JG, Souza DMd (2014) Methods of soil organic carbon determination in Brazilian savannah soils. Scientia Agricola 71:302–308. doi:10.1590/0103-9016-2013-0306
Schoebitz M, Mengual C, Roldán A (2014) Combined effects of clay immobilized Azospirillum brasilense and Pantoea dispersa and organic olive residue on plant performance and soil properties in the revegetation of a semiarid area. Sci Total Environ 466–467:67–73. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.012
Selvakumar G, Panneerselvam P, Ganeshamurthy AN (2012) Bacterial mediated alleviation of abiotic stress in crops. pp 205–224. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45795-5_10
Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA (2013) Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils, vol 2. SpringerPlus, p 587. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-587
Stefan M, Munteanu N, Stoleru V, Mihasan M, Hritcu L (2013) Seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhances photosynthesis and yield of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). Sci Hortic 151:22–29. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.12.006
Suada EP, Jasim B, Jimtha CJ, Gayatri GP, Radhakrishnan EK, Remakanthan A (2015) Phytostimulatory and hardening period-reducing effects of plant-associated bacteria on micropropagated Musa acuminata cv. Grand Naine. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 51:682–687. doi:10.1007/s11627-015-9721-x
Zahid M, Abbasi MK, Hameed S, Rahim N (2015) Isolation and identification of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from Himalayan region of Kashmir and their effect on improving growth and nutrient contents of maize (Zea mays L.). Front Microbiol. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00207
Zahir ZA, Abbas SA, Khalid M, Arshad M (2000) Substrate dependent microbially derived plant hormones for improving growth of maize seedlings. Pak J Biol Sci 3:289–291
Zulueta-Rodriguez R, Cordoba-Matson MV, Hernandez-Montiel LG, Murillo-Amador B, Rueda-Puente E, Lara L (2014) Effect of Pseudomonas putida on growth and anthocyanin pigment in two poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivars. Sci World J 2014:1–6. doi:10.1155/2014/810192
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment-Science Research Scheme (KSCSTE-SRS) (Grant No. 038/SRSLS/2013/CSTE) and Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment-Selective Augmentation of Research and Development (KSCSTE-SARD) Program (Grant No. 68/2015/KSCSTE, Thiruvananthapuram).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in the publication.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jimtha John, C., Jishma, P., Karthika, N.R. et al. Pseudomonas fluorescens R68 assisted enhancement in growth and fertilizer utilization of Amaranthus tricolor (L.). 3 Biotech 7, 256 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0887-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0887-2