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The study of copper oxide nanoparticles based on the pH varying during propolis-mediated synthesis: structure, optical properties, UV-block ability, and malachite green photodegradation

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Abstract

In third-world countries, the biosynthesis of multi-purpose copper oxide nanoparticles is a crucial solution for pollution, but studies on controlling their properties through internal structure are still limited. This work generated copper oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) using bee propolis as a reducing and capping agent, employing an ecologically benign, simple, inexpensive, and economical technique. The pH of this biosynthesis was varied (6.4, 7.8, 9.2, 10.4, and 11.7). The study computed various structural and optical parameters of biosynthesized CONP samples, revealing nonlinear changes with pH, including unit cell, Cu–O bond length, crystal size, microstrain, energy band gap, Urbach energy, and more. The current research has shown promising results in blocking ultraviolet rays effectively. The blocking parameters were calculated for CONPs samples, and it was found that the pH 8 sample had the best blocking capacity at both regions A and B (90.31 and 91.31%, respectively). The study effectively investigated CONPs’ potential as a catalyst for increasing dye photodegradation. The pH 6.4 sample showed the highest degradation rate (94.15%). The UV-blocking and photodegradation properties of the CONPs samples were explained using the structural and optical parameters.

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The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number RGP 2/191/44.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayl Asser, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad N. Murshed & Mohamed E. El Sayed

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen

    Mansour S. Abdul Galil

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Janad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen

    Samir Osman Mohammed & Mohyeddine Al‑qubati

  4. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen

    Samir Osman Mohammed

  5. Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen

    Mohyeddine Al‑qubati

  6. Faculty of Medical, Al-Janad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen

    Mansour S. Abdul Galil & Ebkar Abdo Ahmed Saif

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  1. Mohammad N. Murshed
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  2. Mansour S. Abdul Galil
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  3. Samir Osman Mohammed
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Correspondence to Samir Osman Mohammed.

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The authors, Mohammad N. Murshed and Mohamed E. El Sayed, have received research funding from King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. The other authors are members of Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen.

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Murshed, M.N., Galil, M.S.A., Mohammed, S.O. et al. The study of copper oxide nanoparticles based on the pH varying during propolis-mediated synthesis: structure, optical properties, UV-block ability, and malachite green photodegradation. Appl Nanosci 14, 585–602 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-024-03035-0

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