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Comparison of the physical properties of saline wastewater in a solar pond with nanozinc oxide and nanoaluminum oxide flooring

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Abstract

In this research, the efficiency of a solar distillation system as a passive technique in the process of water distillation from wastewater was investigated. The solar distillation process is proposed as a desalination process with zero discharge (ZD), in order to prevent salt water from entering to the sea and using salt water. In this study, three solar ponds with three different floors were used. Laboratory data show that the density of wastewater varies between 1.09 and 1.27 g/cm3 when using simple flooring. The amount of density changes when using floor covering made of nanozinc oxide is between 1.05 and 1.21 g/cm3. Laboratory data show that changes in density when using flooring made of nanoaluminum oxide are between 1 and 1.17 g/cm3. The laboratory results show that heat capacity of the wastewater decreases with increase in the depth of the effluent. Results show that flooring made of nanoaluminum oxide increases the rate of evaporation by about 17% and flooring made of zinc oxide by about 11%.

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Abbreviations

\({m}_{\mathrm{c}}\) :

Condensed mass

\(t\) :

Time

\({h}_{\mathrm{lv}}\) :

Latent heat

\(G\) :

Solar intensity

\({A}_{\mathrm{ba}}\) :

Area of solar pond

\({\alpha }_{\mathrm{ba}}\) :

Energy absorption coefficient

\({h}_{\mathrm{e}.\mathrm{b}-\mathrm{g}}\) :

Evaporation coefficient of wastewater

\({T}_{\mathrm{b}}\) :

Temperature of wastewater

\({T}_{\mathrm{ave}}\) :

Average temperature

\({k}_{\mathrm{b}}\) :

Conductive heat transfer coefficient of wastewater

\({G}_{\mathrm{b}}\) :

Energy absorbed by wastewater

\({\rho }_{\mathrm{b}}\) :

Density of wastewater

\({v}_{\mathrm{b}}\) :

Wastewater volumetric flow rate

\({c}_{\mathrm{b}}\) :

Wastewater heat capacity

\({V}_{\mathrm{con}.}\) :

Condensate volume

\({V}_{\mathrm{b}}\) :

Wastewater volume

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran

    Khadejeh HaghParast & Alison Zamanpour

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran

    Farshad Farahbod

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  1. Khadejeh HaghParast
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  2. Farshad Farahbod
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  3. Alison Zamanpour
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Contributions

KH contributed to software, data curation, reviewing and editing. FF contributed to supervision, writing-original draft preparation, conceptualization and methodology. AZ contributed to visualization, investigation and validation.

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Correspondence to Farshad Farahbod.

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HaghParast, K., Farahbod, F. & Zamanpour, A. Comparison of the physical properties of saline wastewater in a solar pond with nanozinc oxide and nanoaluminum oxide flooring. Appl Nanosci 13, 6259–6269 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02894-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02894-3

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