Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers (PAN CFs) were chlorinated with carbon tetrachloride vapor at 300 °C, 450 °C, and 600 °C. The surface chlorine concentration in the chlorinated PAN CFs increased from 1.82 to 3.73 mmol g–1 with increasing temperature. The chlorinated PAN CFs were characterized by SEM, TEM, and FTIR-ATR methods. The surface morphology is preserved after chlorination at the SEM characterization level; the HRTEM shows the formation of nanoscale surface carbon structures. FTIR-ATR showed the oxidation of the carbon surface and the formation of carbon–oxygen groups. From the TGA and TPD MS analysis of HCl vacuum thermodesorption below 800 °C, the most thermally stable CCl3 groups were proposed as the source of HCl gas, and their highest concentration corresponds to the highest chlorination temperature. From the results of electromagnetic shielding studies, higher chlorination temperature increases the attenuation parameter S21 and reflection coefficient S11 measured for a layer of the chlorinated PAN ACFs over the X-band and Ka-band frequencies. Both the S21 and S11 parameters have nearly constant values over a wide range of frequencies. This behavior can be used to construct the latest generation of microwave attenuators with attenuation controlled by chlorination, and they are also promising microwave absorbers for the protection of biological objects.
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This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: Grant for the perspective development of the scientific direction: “Mathematical Sciences and Natural Sciences” at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.
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Grishchenko, L.M., Moiseienko, V.A., Diyuk, V.E. et al. Effect of chlorination with carbon tetrachloride on the interaction of carbon fibers with electromagnetic radiation in the ultrahigh-frequency band. Appl Nanosci 13, 7203–7217 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02892-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02892-5