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Artemisia vulgaris reduced and stabilized titanium oxide nanoparticles for anti-microbial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer activity

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Abstract

The biosynthesis of nanomaterial using medicinal plants for biomedical applications is more promising, safe, and cost-effective. The rising resistance to conventional drugs including antibiotics has invoked the need for green synthesized nanoparticles that can be employed as an alternative to these agents. Therefore, in the present study, Artemisia vulgarus extract (ArV) was used as a reducing and capping agent for the preparation of stable titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) and to evaluate their antimicrobial, anti-fungal and anticancer activity. The aqueous extract of ArV was prepared and used for the preparation of TiONPs by the controlled flow rate of 2 mL/hr by batch method. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersion X-rays (EDX), Fourier–transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy analysis of ArV extract showed the presence of alkaloids and steroids functional groups, which appears like a reducing and capping agent. The UV–visible spectra of ArV extract-prepared TiONPs (ArV-TiONPs) showed absorbance shifts towards the 280 nm region which confirms the synthesis of TiONPs. The ArV-TiONPs were anatase in structure, having a smooth elliptical and spherical shape with an average size of 82 nm ± 12. These nanoparticles have shown significant anti-bacterial activity at a dose of 40 mg/mL against Escherichia coli, however, at a very low dose of 10 mg/mL they have inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. We have also found an effective anti-fungal activity of these particles against Aspergillus niger at 40 mg/mL, having the highest zone of inhibition (14 mm). In addition, ArV-TiONPs have also significantly (p < 0.0001) induced apoptosis in MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells up to 72% at 80 μg/mL and yielded the 50% inhibitory action (IC50 value) at a concentration of 25.56 ± 1 μg/mL. Our study has proven that ArV extract is a good source of TiONPs synthesis and aids the antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activity of nanoparticles.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Prof. Sadaf Naz and Dr Asima Tayyab from the School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, for gifting the MCF-7 cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Arif Ur Rehman, Aisha Tabassum, Ayesha Aftab, Asma Gul & Bashir Ahmad

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Aisha Tabassum

  3. Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Azad Kashmir, Mirpur, Pakistan

    Nafeesa Zahid

  4. Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Asif Jamal

  5. Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Abdulrahim A. Sajini

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  1. Arif Ur Rehman
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Rehman, A.U., Tabassum, A., Aftab, A. et al. Artemisia vulgaris reduced and stabilized titanium oxide nanoparticles for anti-microbial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer activity. Appl Nanosci 13, 6165–6175 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02859-6

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