Abstract
Alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding in oil-producing formations is associated with the deposition of scales. This hazard will affect the production flow assurance, which lowers the production flow, resulting in a reduced amount of product produced. One of the approaches to managing this scale is applying a scale inhibitor (SI) downhole to production wells via a continuous injection line. However, this process involved a high dose of chemical (250–500 ppm), and research has shown that none of the SIs deployed can inhibit this scale from occurring. One of the primary reasons is the poor adsorption of scale inhibitors onto rock formation, resulting in a short squeeze treatment lifetime. Therefore, it is vital to enhance the squeeze treatment program by “modifying” scale inhibitors with nanoparticles (NPs) that will help to prolong the squeeze lifetime with a much lower minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) of inhibitor deployed. Oilfield scale management has recently emerged as a popular research topic in nanotechnology. The rationale behind employing nanoparticles and scale inhibitors is that nanoparticle is small-sized particles, with robust surface potential, yet the surface properties and morphologies can still be altered accordingly. With this nanotechnology approach, these nano-scaled particles are manoeuvrable for their size and can reach everywhere possible. Hence, making it more straightforward to be adsorbed onto the rock surfaces. This paper reviews the formation of scales in the reservoir and various nanomaterials previous researchers have used. The nanotechnologies studied in this paper are metal/ metal oxide nanomaterials, metal phosphonate, carbon-based nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, cross-link nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles; when compared to traditional squeeze treatments, many nanoproducts created for squeeze treatments have shown increased squeeze lifespan. Nevertheless, several challenges still exist in applying nanotechnology downhole and further investigation should be carried out.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahualli S, Iglesias GR, Wachter W, Dulle M, Minami D, Glatter O (2011) Adsorption of anionic and cationic surfactants on anionic colloids: supercharging and destabilization. Langmuir 27(15):9182–9192. https://doi.org/10.1021/la201242d
Al-mashhor AA (2021) Investigating the effect of carbon nano additives on the adsorption of GR&T scale inhibitor. no December
Al Saadi M (2019) The root of silica scale formation and its remedy. Glob J Eng Sci 3(3):4–6. https://doi.org/10.33552/gjes.2019.03.000565
Alzahid Y, Mostaghimi P, Warkiani ME, Armstrong RT, Joekar-Niasar V, Karadimitriou N (2017) Alkaline surfactant polymer flooding: What happens at the pore scale?. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE Europec featured at 79th EAGE conference and exhibition, p 386–402.https://doi.org/10.2118/185832-ms.
Amiri M, Moghadasi J, Jamialahmadi M (2013) Prediction of iron carbonate scale formation in Iranian oilfields at different mixing ratio of injection water with formation water. Energy Sources Part A Recover Util Environ Eff 35(13):1256–1265. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2010.514596
Amjad Z (1988) Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scale formation on heat exchanger surfaces: the influence of scale inhibitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 123(2):523–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(88)90274-3
Amjad Z, Zuhl RW (2008) An evaluation of silica scale control additives. Nace 08368:1–12
Arensdorf J, Hoster D, McDougall D, Yuan M (210) Static and dynamic testing of silicate scale inhibitors. In: Society of petroleum engineers—international oil and gas conference and exhibition in China 2010, IOGCEC, vol 4, no June, p 3047–3053. https://doi.org/10.2523/132212-ms
Bache Ø, Nilsson S (2000) Ester cross-linking of polycarboxylic acid scale inhibitors as a possible means to increase inhibitor squeeze lifetime. Soc Pet Eng Int Symp Oilf Scale. https://doi.org/10.2523/60190-ms
Bageri BS, Mahmoud MA, Shawabkeh RA, Al-Mutairi SH, Abdulraheem A (2017) Toward a complete removal of barite (barium sulfate BaSO4) scale using chelating agents and catalysts. Arab J Sci Eng 42(4):1667–1674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2417-2
Bai Y, Bai Q (2019) Subsea corrosion and scale
Bera A, Belhaj H (2016) Application of nanotechnology by means of nanoparticles and nanodispersions in oil recovery—a comprehensive review. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 34:1284–1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.08.023
Bin Merdhah AB, Mohd Yassin AA (2007) Scale formation in oil reservoir during water injection at high-salinity formation water. J Appl Sci 7(21):3198–3207. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.3198.3207
Bonoli M, Bendini A, Cerretani L, Lercker G, Toschi TG (2004) Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oils as a function of the ripening degree of olive fruits by different analytical techniques. J Agric Food Chem 52(23):7026–7032. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048868m
Brooks D, Raney K, Ayirala S, Chin B (2010) Subsurface and surface requirements for successful implementation of offshore chemical enhanced oil recovery polymer flooding with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) improves both vertical and areal sweep efficiency
Browning FH, Fogler HS (1996) Fundamental study of the dissolution of calcium phosphonates from porous media. AIChE J 42(10):2883–2896
Collins IR, Hewartson JA (2002) Extending squeeze lifetimes using miscible displacement. In: International symposium on oilfield scale, p 7–16 https://doi.org/10.2118/74650-ms
Crabtree M, Eslinger D, Fletcher P, Miller M, Johnson A, King G (1999) Fighting scale: removal and prevention. Oilf Rev 11(03):30–45
Del Gaudio L, Bortolo R, Lockhart TP (2007) Nanoemulsions: a new vehicle for chemical additive delivery. In: Proceedings—SPE international symposium on oilfield chemistry, p 212–220. https://doi.org/10.2523/106016-ms
Delshad M, Han C, Veedu FK, Pope GA (2013) A simplified model for simulations of alkaline-surfactant-polymer floods. J Pet Sci Eng 108:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2013.04.006
Do BPH, Nguyen BD, Nguyen HD, Nguyen PT (2013) Synthesis of magnetic composite nanoparticles enveloped in copolymers specified for scale inhibition application. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/4/4/045016
Dyer SJ, Graham GM (2002) The effect of temperature and pressure on oilfield scale formation. J Pet Sci Eng 35(1–2):95–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-4105(02)00217-6
Ebrahim T, Mohsen VS, Mahdi SM, Esmaeel KT, Saeb A (2019) Performance of low-salinity water flooding for enhanced oil recovery improved by SiO2 nanoparticles. Pet Sci 16(2):357–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-018-0295-1
Elraies KA, Tan IM, Awang M, Fathaddin MT (2010) A new approach to low-cost, high performance chemical flooding system. In: SPE production operations symposium, p 63–71. https://doi.org/10.2118/133004-ms
Eseosa A, Atubokiki AJ (2011) Prediction and monitoring of oilfield carbonate scales using scale check©. Soc Pet Eng Niger Annu Int Conf Exhib 2011:619–628. https://doi.org/10.2118/150797-ms
Farooqui N (2015) A detailed study of the scale inhibitor phase envelope of Ppca in the context of precipitation squeeze treatments, no May
Fernando I, Qian T, Zhou Y (2019) Long term impact of surfactants & polymers on the colloidal stability, aggregation and dissolution of silver nanoparticles. Environ Res 179(September):108781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108781
Fink J (2020) Scale inhibitors. In: Hydraulic fracturing chemicals and fluids technology, p 157–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822071-9.00018-9
Foroozesh J, Kumar S (2020) Nanoparticles behaviors in porous media: application to enhanced oil recovery. J Mol Liq 316:113876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113876
Franco-Aguirre M, Zabala RD, Lopera SH, Franco CA, Cortés FB (2018) Ca-DTPMP nanoparticles-based nanofluids for the inhibition and remediation of formation damage due to CaCO3 scaling in tight gas-condensate reservoirs. J Pet Sci Eng 169(February):636–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.021
Gao Q, Wang Y, Jiang Y (2012) Study on scaling formation characteristics and produced liquid properties in oil-wells of ASP flooding. Adv Mater Res 524–527:1270–1278. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.524-527.1270
Ghorbani N, Wilson M, Kapur N, Fleming N, Neville A (2012) Using nanoscale dispersed particles to assist in the retention of polyphosphinocarboxylic acid (PPCA) scale inhibitor on rock. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE international oilfield nanotechnology conference 2012, pp. 144–151. https://doi.org/10.2118/156200-ms.
Ghorbani N, Wilson MCT, Kapur N, Fleming N, Neville A (2014) Carbon nanotubes: a new methodology for enhanced squeeze lifetime CNTs. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE international conference and exhibition on oilfield scale 2014, p 210–227. https://doi.org/10.2118/169763-ms
Ghorbani N, Wilson MCT, Kapur N, Fleming N, Tjomsland T, Neville A (2017) Adsorption of polyphosphinocarboxylic acid (PPCA) scale inhibitor on carbon nanotubes (CNTs): a prospective method for enhanced oilfield scale prevention. J Pet Sci Eng 150:305–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.12.016
Gill JS, Nancollas GH (1980) Kinetics of growth of calcium sulfate crystals at heated metal surfaces. J Cryst Growth 48(1):34–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(80)90190-6
Golsefatan AR, Safari M, Jamialahmadi M (2016) Using silica nanoparticles to improve DETPMP scale inhibitor performance as a novel calcium sulfate inhibitor. Desalin Water Treat 57(44):20800–20808. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1119742
Gunn DJ (1980) Effect of surface roughness on the nucleation and growth of calcium sulphate on metal surfaces. J Cryst Growth 50(2):533–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(80)90104-9
Guo H et al (2017) Proper use of capillary number in chemical flooding. J Chem. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4307368
Guraieb P, Tomson R, Littlehales I (2019) Development of scale squeeze enhancement technology via application of metal nanoparticles coupled with polymer scale inhibitors. In: Proceedings—SPE international conference on oilfield chemistry, vol 2019. https://doi.org/10.2118/193541-ms
Hafiz T, Hoegerl M, Al Suwaij A, Almathami A (2017) Synthetic iron sulfide scale and polymeric scale dissolvers. In: SPE middle east oil gas show conference MEOS, proceedings, vol.2017-March, no March, p 2723–2727. https://doi.org/10.2118/183954-ms
Haghtalab A, Kiaei Z (2012) Evaluation of the effective parameters in synthesis of the nano-structured scaling inhibitors applicable in oil fields with sea water injection process. J Nanoparticle Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1210-0
Haghtalab A, Kamali MJ, Shahrabadi A (2014) Prediction mineral scale formation in oil reservoirs during water injection. Fluid Phase Equilib 373:43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2014.04.001
Haindade Z, Bihani AD, Javeri S, Jere C (2012) Enhancing flow assurance using Co-Ni nanoparticles for dewaxing of production tubing. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE international oilfield nanotechnology conference 2012, p 419–424. https://doi.org/10.2118/157119-ms
Hajirezaie S, Wu X, Peters CA (2017) Scale formation in porous media and its impact on reservoir performance during water flooding. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 39:188–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.01.019
Hamid S et al (2016) A practical method of predicting calcium carbonate scale formation in well completions. SPE Prod Oper 31(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.2118/168087-pa
Helalizadeh A, Müller-Steinhagen H, Jamialahmadi M (2000) Mixed salt crystallisation fouling. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 39(1):29–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0255-2701(99)00073-2
Hoang TA (2015) Mechanisms of scale formation and inhibition. Elsevier B.V, New York
Husein N, Yunan MH, Ismail I, Sulaiman WRW, Boyou NV (2018) Enhanced oil recovery by alkaline-surfactant-polymer alternating with waterflooding. Chem Eng Trans 63:823–828. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1863138
Ibrahim JMBM (2011) Establishing scale inhibitor retention mechanisms in pure adsorption and coupled adsorption/precipitation treatments, no November
Ju B, Fan T (2009) Experimental study and mathematical model of nanoparticle transport in porous media. Powder Technol 192(2):195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2008.12.017
Kamal MS, Hussein I, Mahmoud M, Sultan AS, Saad MAS (2018) Oilfield scale formation and chemical removal: a review. J Pet Sci Eng 171(July):127–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.07.037
Kan AT, Dai Z, Tomson MB (2020) The state of the art in scale inhibitor squeeze treatment. Pet Sci 17(6):1579–1601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00497-z
Kiaei Z, Haghtalab A (2014) Experimental study of using Ca-DTPMP nanoparticles in inhibition of CaCO3 scaling in a bulk water process. Desalination 338(1):84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.01.027
Krishnakumar V, Elansezhian R (2021) Dispersion stability of zinc oxide nanoparticles in an electroless bath with various surfactants. Mater Today Proc 51:369–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.467
Kumar T, Vishwanatham S, Kundu SS (2010) A laboratory study on pteroyl-l-glutamic acid as a scale prevention inhibitor of calcium carbonate in aqueous solution of synthetic produced water. J Pet Sci Eng 71(1–2):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2009.11.014
Kumar D, Chishti SS, Rai A, Patwardhan SD (2012) Scale inhibition using nano-silica particles. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE middle east health, safety, security, and environment Conference and exhibition, 2012, MEHSSE—Sustain. world energy through an integr. HSSE bus. approach, no April, p 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2118/149321-ms
Kumar S, Naiya TK, Kumar T (2017) Developments in oilfield scale handling towards green technology—a review. J Pet Sci Eng 169(November 2017):428–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.05.068
Laben AB, Al-Kayiem HH, Alameen MA, Khan JA, Belhaj AF, Elraies KA (2021) Experimental study on the performance of emulsions produced during ASP flooding. J Pet Explor Prod Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01409-6
Lankalapalli S, Kolapalli VRM (2009) Polyelectrolyte complexes: a review of their applicability in drug delivery technology. Indian J Pharm Sci 71(5):481–487. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.58165
Latil M (1980) Enhanced oil recovery
Letchford K, Burt H (2007) A review of the formation and classification of amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticulate structures: micelles, nanospheres, nanocapsules and polymersomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 65(3):259–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.11.009
Li W, Gao C (2007) Efficiently stabilized spherical vaterite CaCO3 crystals by carbon nanotubes in biomimetic mineralization. Langmuir 23(8):4575–4582. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0632427
Li GZ, Mu JH, Li Y, Yuan SL (2000) An experimental study on alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding systems using nature mixed carboxylate. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp 173(1–3):219–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00578-1
Li J, Li T, Yan J, Zuo X, Zheng Y, Yang F (2009) Silicon containing scale forming characteristics and how scaling impacts sucker rod pump in ASP flooding. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific oil and gas conference and exhibition 2009, APOGCE 09, vol 2, p 574–576. https://doi.org/10.2118/122966-ms
Li JX, Liu Y, Wu D, Meng XC, Zhao FL (2013) The synergistic effects of alkaline, surfactant, and polymer on the emulsification and destabilization of oil-in-water crude oil emulsion produced by alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding. Pet Sci Technol 31(4):399–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2010.531341
Liu S (2007) Alkaline surfactant polymer enhanced oil recovery process by. p 1–222
Liu H, Jin X, Ding B (2016) Application of nanotechnology in petroleum exploration and development. Pet Explor Dev 43(6):1107–1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(16)30129-X
Luo M, Sun H, Jia Z, Wen Q, Liao L (2012) Preparation and performance of environment-friendly nanoemulsion with antiscaling. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE international oilfield nanotechnology conference 2012, p 19–24. https://doi.org/10.2118/152688-ms
ManzariTavakoli H, Jamialahmadi M, Kord S, Daryasafar A (2018) Experimental investigation of the effect of silica nanoparticles on the kinetics of barium sulfate scaling during water injection process. J Pet Sci Eng 169:344–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.05.077
Merdhah ABB, Yassin AAM (2009) Scale formation due to water injection in Berea sandstone cores. J Appl Sci 9(18):3298–3307. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2009.3298.3307
Miksic BA, Kharshan MA, Furman AY (2005) Vapor corrosion and scale inhibitors formulated from biodegradable and renewable raw materials. In: European symposium on corrosion inhibitors, no September 2005. http://www.cortecvci.com/whats_new/announcements/ctp83.pdf
Moghadasi R, Rostami A, Tatar A, Hemmati-Sarapardeh A (2019) An experimental study of nanosilica application in reducing calcium sulfate scale at high temperatures during high and low salinity water injection. J Pet Sci Eng 179:7–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.04.021
Morita M, Goto Y, Motoda S, Fujino T (2017) Thermodynamic analysis of silica-based scale precipitation induced by magnesium ion. J Geotherm Res Soc Japan 39(4):191–201. https://doi.org/10.11367/grsj.39.191
Muhsan A, Ishtiaq U, Rozali A, Mohamed N, Albarody T (2018) Nanocarbon-based enhanced squeeze treatment for improved scale management. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/458/1/012044
Nanofluids Z et al (2011) Inhibition of asphaltene precipitation by TiO2, SiO2, and ZrO2 nanofluids. Energy 25:3150–3156
Nelson RC, Lawson JB, Thigpen DR, Stegemeier GL (1984) Cosurfactant-enhanced alkaline flooding. In: Soc Pet Eng AIME, SPE, vol 1, p 413–424. https://doi.org/10.2523/12672-ms
Norde W (2020) Interfacial tension. In: Colloids and interfaces in life sciences and bionanotechnology, p 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439873038-8
Nurxat N, Gussenov I, Tatykhanova G (2015) Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding. Int J Biol Chem 8:30–42
Olajire AA (2015) A review of oilfield scale management technology for oil and gas production. J Pet Sci Eng 135:723–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2015.09.011
Olayiwola SO, Dejam M (2019) A comprehensive review on interaction of nanoparticles with low salinity water and surfactant for enhanced oil recovery in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Fuel 241(December 2018):1045–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.12.122
Pierce CC, Grattan DA (1989) Chemical and physical parameters controlling polymer performance in boiler systems. One Nalco Center Contents 1. Introduction, 2. Polymer complexing stability. 3. Polymer complexing ability. 4. Polymer molecular weight. p 239–252
Ramstad K, Tydal T, Askvik KM, Fotland P (2005) Predicting carbonate scale in oil producers from high-temperature reservoirs. SPE J 10(4):363–373. https://doi.org/10.2118/87430-PA
Saleh N, Kim HJ, Phenrat T, Matyjaszewski K, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2008) Ionic strength and composition affect the mobility of surface-modified fe 0< nanoparticles in water-saturated sand columns. Environ Sci Technol 42(9):3349–3355. https://doi.org/10.1021/es071936b
Sazali RA, Sorbie KS, Boak LS (2015) The effect of pH on silicate scaling. In: SPE—European formage damage conference proceedings, EFDC, vol 2015-Janua, no June, p 316–328. https://doi.org/10.2118/174193-ms
Shamsijazeyi H, Miller CA, Wong MS, Tour JM, Verduzco R (2014) Polymer-coated nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery. J Appl Polym Sci 131(15):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.40576
Sharma T, Kumar GS, Sangwai JS (2015) Comparative effectiveness of production performance of Pickering emulsion stabilized by nanoparticle-surfactant-polymer over surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding for enhanced oil recovery for Brownfield reservoir. J Pet Sci Eng 129:221–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2015.03.015
Sheikhi A, Kakkar A, Van De Ven TGM (2018) Nanoengineering colloidal and polymeric celluloses for threshold scale inhibition: towards universal biomass-based crystal modification. Mater Horizons 5(2):248–255. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7mh00823f
Shen D, Zhang P, Kan AT, Fu G, Farrell J, Tomson MB (2008) Control placement of scale inhibitors in the formation with stable CA-DTPMP nanoparticle suspension and its transport porous media. In: Soc. Pet. Eng.—9th Int. Conf. Oilf. Scale 2008 - “Managing scale through f. lifetime, p 249–269. https://doi.org/10.2118/114063-ms.
Sheng JJ (2014) A comprehensive review of alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding. Asia Pac J Chem Eng 9(4):471–489. https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.1824
Sonne J, Kerr S, Miner K (2012) Application of silicate scale inhibitors for ASP flooded oilfields: A novel approach to testing and delivery. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE international oilfield scale conference and exhibition, 2012, no Gill 1998, p 95–101. https://doi.org/10.2118/154332-ms.
Stamatiou A, Sorbie KS (2020) Analytical solutions for a 1D scale inhibitor transport model with coupled adsorption and precipitation. vol 132, no 3. Springer, Netherlands
Suharso B, Bahri S, Endaryanto T (2011) Gambier extracts as an inhibitor of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale formation. Desalination 265(1–3):102–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.07.038
Sui X et al (2014) Scaling laws and forecasting techniques of silicate in ASP flooding. Adv Mater Res 850–851:221–224. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.850-851.221
Sun Z, Kang X, Lu X, Li Q, Wu X (2019) The influence of oil property on interfacial tension. Pet Sci Technol 37(23):2315–2321. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2018.1511578
Tantayakom V, Fogler HS, Chavadej S (2005) Study of scale inhibitor reactions in precipitation squeeze treatments. In: Proceedings—SPE international symposium on oilfield chemistry, vol 2005, p 71–75. https://doi.org/10.2523/92771-ms
Teck JKY, Binti Abu RH, Binti Masuri SU (2015) Numerical study of adsorption enhancement by nanoparticles scale inhibitor. Adv Mater Res 1119:43–48. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.43
Tomson MB, Kan AT, Fu G (2004) Control of inhibitor squeeze via mechanistic understanding of inhibitor chemistry. In: Proceedings—SPE sixth international symposium on oilfield scale, explor. boundaries scale control, no June 2004, p 237–248. https://doi.org/10.2118/87450-ms
Umar AA, Saaid IBM (2013) Silicate scales formation during asp flooding: a review. Res J Appl Sci Eng Technol 6(9):1543–1555. https://doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.6.3867
Vazquez O, Mackay E, Jordan M (2009) Modeling the impact of diesel vs. water overflush fluids on scale-squeeze-treatment lives using a two-phase near-wellbore simulator. SPE Prod Oper 24(3):473–480. https://doi.org/10.2118/114105-PA
Vazquez O et al (2017) Automatic optimisation of oilfield scale inhibitor squeeze treatments delivered by DSV. In: Proceedings—SPE international symposium on oilfield chemistry, vol 2017-April, p 45–56. https://doi.org/10.2118/184535-ms
Veisi M, Johnson S, Peltier K, Berkland C, Liang JT, Barati R (2018) Application of polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles to increase the lifetime of poly vinyl sulfonate scale inhibitor. Proc SPE Int Symp Form Damage Control 2018:1–26. https://doi.org/10.2118/189564-ms
Vetter OJ (1973) Chemical squeeze process—some new information on some old misconceptions. JPT J Pet Technol 25:339–353. https://doi.org/10.2118/3544-PA
Vetter OJ (1976) Oilfield scale—can we handle It? JPT J Pet Technol 28:1402–1408. https://doi.org/10.2118/5879-PA
Wan C, Wang LT, Sha JY, Ge HH (2019) Effect of carbon nanoparticles on the crystallization of calcium carbonate in aqueous solution. Nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9020179
Wang W, Wei W, Ferrier N, Arismendi N (2018) Scale formation and inhibition study for water injection wells. In: Society of petroleum engineers—SPE international oilfield scale conference and exhibition 2018, no June, p 20–21. https://doi.org/10.2118/190732-ms
Wang LT, Ge HH, Han YT, Wan C, Sha JY, Sheng K (2019) Effects of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the formation of inorganic scale on heat exchange surface with and without scale inhibitor. Appl Therm Eng 151:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.01.075
Yan C, Kan AT, Wang W, Wang L, Tomson MB (2013) Synthesis and size control of monodispersed Al-sulfonated polycarboxylic acid nanoparticles and their transport in porous media. SPE J 18(4):610–619. https://doi.org/10.2118/155627-PA
Yan C, Kan AT, Wang W, Yan F, Wang L, Tomson MB (2014) Sorption study of γ-ALO(OH) nanoparticle-crosslinked polymeric scale inhibitors and their improved squeeze performance in porous media. SPE J 19(4):687–694. https://doi.org/10.2118/164086-pa
Yang J, Ji S, Li R, Qin W, Lu Y (2015) Advances of nanotechnologies in oil and gas industries. Energy Explor Exploit 33(5):639–657. https://doi.org/10.1260/0144-5987.33.5.639
Yean S et al (2005) Effect of magnetite particle size on adsorption and desorption of arsenite and arsenate. J Mater Res 20(12):3255–3264. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0403
Zabala R, Franco CA, Cortés FB (2016) Application of nanofluids for improving oil mobility in heavy oil and extra-heavy oil: a field test. In: SPE—DOE improved oil recovery symposium, proceedings, vol 2016-January. https://doi.org/10.2118/179677-ms
Zhang P, Shen D, Fan C, Kan AT, Tomson MB (2010) Surfactant-assisted synthesis of metal-phosphonate inhibitor nanoparticles and transport in porous media. SPE J 15(3):610–617. https://doi.org/10.2118/121552-PA
Zhang P, Shen D, Kan AT, Tomson MB (2016) Synthesis and laboratory testing of a novel calcium-phosphonate reverse micelle nanofluid for oilfield mineral scale control. RSC Adv 6(46):39883–39895. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01228k
Zhang P, Shen D, Ruan G, Kan AT, Tomson MB (2017) Phosphino-polycarboxylic acid modified inhibitor nanomaterial for oilfield scale control: synthesis, characterization and migration. J Ind Eng Chem 45:366–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2016.10.004
Zhong H, Yang T, Yin H, Lu J, Zhang K, Fu C (2020) Role of Alkali type in chemical loss and ASP-flooding enhanced oil recovery in Sandstone formations. SPE Reserv Eval Eng 23(2):431–445. https://doi.org/10.2118/191545-PA
Acknowledgment
This work is supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (UiTM reference no: 600-IRMI/FRGS 5/3 (411/2019) & MyGrant reference code: FRGS/1/2019/TK07/UITM/02/10).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Razman Shah, N.B.B., Sazali, R.A.B., Sorbie, K.S. et al. Nanomaterials for scaling prevention in alkaline–surfactant–polymer flooding: A review. Appl Nanosci 13, 3945–3974 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02652-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02652-x