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Formulation and development of water-based fragrance from patchouli essential oils using nonionic surfactant

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Abstract

The fragrance market is versatile and consumers need newer and safer alternatives with advancements in science and technology. Few products claim water-based fragrances available in the market, but the contents of the product are unspecified, with opaque and dense appearance. This gave rise to the idea of transparent water-based fragrance formulation using essential oil. A detailed trial study with a different type of emulsifier from the tweens and spans category was used along with a new and green emulsifier of interest, methoxy-methyl butanol (MMB), with 8% concentration and water concentration kept as high as 81%. Patchouli oil was used as it has tenacity, woody characteristics and easy availability. Water-based nano-emulsions were prepared with the help of ultrasound method for the formation of smaller droplet size with uniform distribution. Droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), volume distribution, pH, specific gravity, odor profile, patch tests were applied to characterize as-prepared water-based nano-emulsion. The droplet size of MMB-based emulsion is in the range of 24.1–46 nm and PDI values are close to zero that is 0.062. Both the values remained within close range over 4 weeks and as prescribed in the nano-emulsion domain. pH too remained in the range 4–5 compared to other emulsifier-based emulsion whose diameter size and other parameter values changed over bigger differences. MMB-based nano-emulsion formation is comparatively transparent, stable and fragrant in comparison to tween and span-based emulsions as emphasized by characterization results and odor profile. MMB-based nano-emulsion was applied in standard products such as the incense stick, whereas a nine-pointer hedonic rating scale for sensory evaluation is used and fragrance’s shelf life acceptability is studied at three different temperatures. However, this study opens up the possibility of forming various essential oils and MMB nano emulation for their different potential applications, including in fragrances.

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Acknowledgements

This work supported by the CSIR fund (22/0748/17/EMR-II).

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  1. Vidhita R. Une and Mahesh P. Bondarde have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India

    Vidhita R. Une, Mahesh P. Bondarde & Surajit Some

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  1. Vidhita R. Une
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  2. Mahesh P. Bondarde
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  3. Surajit Some
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Contributions

VRU and SS wrote the manuscript; VRU and MPB performed experiment; VRU analyzed all data; SS supervised all work

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Correspondence to Surajit Some.

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Supplementary Information

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13204_2022_2489_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary file1 Droplet diameter analysis, poly dispersity values, droplet volume distribution, surfactant Optimization, hydrophilic lipophilic balance values, MMB Optimization, PH values of surfactants, physical properties of samples, shelf-life acceptable parameter scale, hedonic rating, strength rating scale, shelf-life sensory ratings for incense stick, sensory evaluation of incense stick (DOCX 30 KB)

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Une, V.R., Bondarde, M.P. & Some, S. Formulation and development of water-based fragrance from patchouli essential oils using nonionic surfactant. Appl Nanosci 12, 2117–2125 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02489-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02489-4

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