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Influence of ZnO nanoparticles and dispersant in Baheda oil biodiesel blend on the assessment of performance, combustion, and emissions of VCR diesel engine

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Abstract

The current investigation is focused on the assessment of combustion, performance, and emission parameters of VCR compression ignition engine working with ZnO nanoparticles dispersed Baheda (Terminalia bellirica) oil biodiesel (BOBD20). The ZnO nanoparticles were considered at the accompanying extents, for instance, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Besides, a 1:1 proportion of dispersant (QPAN80) was blended to ZnO nanoparticles. The entire experimentation was performed at four compression ratios such as 16.5:1, 17.5:1. 18.5:1, and 19.5:1, respectively. The ZnO nanoparticle dispersed BOBD20 has shown tremendous outcomes. The dispersant added fuel was shown encouraging outcomes than regular diesel and biodiesel. Among all, the BOBD20 + ZnO75 + DSP 75 was revealed better outcomes concerning the operating characteristics. Further, the positive impact was perceived with increasing compression ratio and attained encouraging outcome at CR19.5:1. For BOBD20 + ZnO 75 + DSP 75 and at CR19.5:1, the higher BTE and least BSFC were obtained was 34.89% and 0.305 kg/kWh. Similarly, the highest combustion quantities for instance CP and NHRR were seen as 72.52 bar and 61.22 J/°CA, respectively. Finally, the minimum emissions of CO, UHC, and NOx, were 0.08%, 25 ppm, and 932 ppm, respectively for BOBD20 + ZnO75 + DSP75.

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Abbreviations

ZnO:

Zinc oxide

BOBD20:

20% Biodiesel in clean diesel

BD100:

Pure Baheda biodiesel

ASTM:

American Standard for Testing Materials

BOME20:

20% Baheda Oil biodiesel and 80% standard diesel

ZnO50:

Zinc oxide 50 ppm

ZnO75:

Zinc oxide 75 ppm

ZnO100:

Zinc oxide 100 ppm

ZnO50 + DSP50:

Zinc oxide 50 ppm + 50 ppm dispersant

ZnO75 + DSP75:

Zinc oxide 75 ppm + 75 ppm dispersant

ZnO100 + DSP100:

Zinc oxide 100 ppm + 100 ppm dispersant

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency (%)

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption (kg/ kWh)

CO:

Carbon monoxide (%)

UHC:

Unburnt hydro carbons (ppm)

NOx :

Nitrogen oxide emissions (ppm)

CP:

Cylinder pressure (bar)

NHRR:

Net heat release rate (J/°CA)

U R :

Total uncertainty

R :

Uncertainty function

u :

Dimensional factor

VCR:

Variable compression ratio

CR:

Compression ratio

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

SiO2 :

Silicon dioxide

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Degree PG Courses (A), Engineering and Technology Program, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, India

    Sanatha Kaki

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India

    Bhatti Sukhvinder Kaur

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM Institute of Technology, Visakhapatnam, India

    Jaikumar Sagari

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  1. Sanatha Kaki
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  2. Bhatti Sukhvinder Kaur
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  3. Jaikumar Sagari
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Correspondence to Jaikumar Sagari.

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Kaki, S., Kaur, B.S. & Sagari, J. Influence of ZnO nanoparticles and dispersant in Baheda oil biodiesel blend on the assessment of performance, combustion, and emissions of VCR diesel engine. Appl Nanosci 11, 2689–2702 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-02233-4

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