Abstract
Highly effective, remarkable and discerning isopropanol conversion to acetone has been achieved by a heterogeneous catalytic transfer oxidative hydrogenation of isopropanol using NaBH4 in the presence of active titanium oxide nanoflakes (TiO2 NFs) grown over ITO substrate for the first time followed by liquid-phase deposition protocol. Various sophisticated techniques were employed for the confirmation of well-shaped novel anatase nanoflakes, having small size and thickness of 5–10 and 30 nm, respectively, consequently providing high surface area and greater density active sites enable the particles to be extremely active for the catalytic reaction. These exceedingly active nanoflakes proved to be good candidate showing remarkably high heterogeneous catalytic efficiency by converting approximately 100% isopropanol to acetone within 40 s using 0.5 mg TiO2 NFs deposited over ITO surface. Various parameters are optimized, e.g., time, dose, concentration of reducing agent and isopropanol for this rapid and effective conversion. These synthesized nanoflakes are of finest choice in terms of cheapest source, high catalytic efficiency, exceptional reusability and good analytical practicality with maximum yield in very short time.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akhtar MS, Umar A, Sood S, Jung I, Hegazy H, Algarni H (2019) Rapid growth of TiO2 nanoflowers via low-temperature solution process: photovoltaic and sensing applications. Materials 12:566
Al-Enizi AM, Brooks RM, Ahmad M, El-Halwany M, El-Newehy MH, Yousef A (2018) In-situ synthesis of amorphous co nanoparticles supported onto TiO2 nanofibers as a catalyst for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 18:4714–4719
Ashour SS (2014) Structural, textural and catalytic properties of pure and Li-doped NiO/Al2O3 and CuO/Al2O3 catalysts. J Saudi Chem Soc 18:69–76
Balouch A, Ali Umar A, Shah AA, Mat Salleh M, Oyama M (2013) Efficient heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of acetone to isopropanol on semihollow and porous palladium nanocatalyst. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:9843–9849
Bermejo LL, Welker NE, Papoutsakis ET (1998) Expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 genes in escherichia coli for acetone production and acetate detoxification. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:1079–1085
Brown S, El-Shall H, Lee YY (2017) A one-step approach to the synthesis of high aspect ratio titania nanoflakes. Glob Chall 1:1700060
Cao D, Bergens SH (2003) A direct 2-propanol polymer electrolyte fuel cell. J Power Sources 124:12–17
Cheng H, Liu S, Hu C, Wang H (2018) Electro-copolymerization of symmetric flower-like luminol aniline-hollow TiO2–NH2 nano-shell polymer in ionic liquid for acetochlor detection. Int J Electrochem Sci 13:4182–4197
Deraz N, Al-Arifi A (2010) Preparation and physicochemical properties of individual and binary Ni and Ce oxides system. Polyhedron 29:3277–3282
Deyab M, Nada AA, Hamdy A (2017) Comparative study on the corrosion and mechanical properties of nano-composite coatings incorporated with TiO2 nano-particles, TiO2 nano-tubes, and ZnO nano-flowers. Prog Org Coat 105:245–251
Dhandayuthapani T, Sivakumar R, Ilangovan R, Gopalakrishnan C, Sanjeeviraja C, Sivanantharaja A (2017) High coloration efficiency, high reversibility and fast switching response of nebulized spray deposited anatase TiO2 thin films for electrochromic applications. Electrochim Acta 255:358–368
Diab KR, El-Maghrabi HH, Nada AA, Youssef AM, Hamdy A, Roualdes S, El-Wahab SA (2018) Facile fabrication of NiTiO3/graphene nanocomposites for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. J Photochem Photobiol A 365:86–93
Ding W, Song C, Li T, Ma H, Yao Y, Yao C (2019) TiO2 nanowires as an effective sensing platform for rapid fluorescence detection of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. Talanta 199:442–448
Dong Y, Ji X, Laaksonen A, Cao W, An R, Lu L, Lu X (2019) Determination of the small amount of proteins interacting with TiO2 nanotubes by AFM-measurement. Biomaterials 192:368–376
Du C, Wu J, Yang P, Li S, Xu J, Song K (2019) Embedding S@ TiO2 nanospheres into MXene layers as high rate cyclability cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries. Electrochim Acta 295:1067–1074
Dubrovinskaia NA, Dubrovinsky LS, Ahuja R, Prokopenko VB, Dmitriev V, Weber H-P, Osorio-Guillen J, Johansson B (2001) Experimental and theoretical identification of a new high-pressure TiO2 polymorph. Phys Rev Lett 87:275501
El-Maghrabi HH, Barhoum A, Nada AA, Moustafa YM, Seliman SM, Youssef AM, Bechelany M (2018a) Synthesis of mesoporous core-shell CdS@ TiO2 (0D and 1D) photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen fuel production. J Photochem Photobiol A 351:261–270
El-Maghrabi H, Al-Kahlawy A, Nada AA, Zaki T (2018b) Photocorrosion resistant Ag2CO3@ Fe2O3/TiO2-NT nanocomposite for efficient visible light photocatalytic degradation activities. J Hazard Mater 360:250–256
El-Molla S, Abdel-all S, Ibrahim M (2009) Influence of precursor of MgO and preparation conditions on the catalytic dehydrogenation of iso-propanol over CuO/MgO catalysts. J Alloy Compd 484:280–285
El-Molla SA, El-Shobaky GA, Amin NH, Hammed MN, Sultan SN (2013) Catalytic properties of pure and K+ -doped CuO/MgO system towards 2-propanol conversion. J Mex Chem Soc 57:36–42
Gao C, Zhen D, He N, An Z, Zhou Q, Li C, Grimes CA, Cai Q (2019) Two-dimensional TiO2 nanoflakes enable rapid SALDI-TOF-MS detection of toxic small molecules (dyes and their metabolites) in complex environments. Talanta 196:1–8
Gopal NO, Basha MH (2018) TiO2 nano-flakes with high activity obtained from phosphorus doped TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrothermal method. Ceram Int 44:22129–22134
Jiang X, Wang Y, Herricks T, Xia Y (2004) Ethylene glycol-mediated synthesis of metal oxide nanowires. J Mater Chem 14:695–703
Joseph S, Boby SJM, Nathan DMGT, Sagayaraj P (2017) Investigation on the role of cost effective cathode materials for fabrication of efficient DSSCs with TiNT/TiO2 nanocomposite photoanodes. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 165:72–81
Kalwar NH, Sherazi STH, Abro MI, Tagar ZA, Hassan SS, Junejo Y, Khattak MI (2011) Synthesis of l-methionine stabilized nickel nanowires and their application for catalytic oxidative transfer hydrogenation of isopropanol. Appl Catal A 400:215–220
Kalwar NH, Nafady A, Soomro RA, Sherazi STH, Khaskheli AR, Hallam KR (2015) Microwave-assisted synthesis of l-cysteine-capped nickel nanoparticles for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Rare Met 34:683–691
Khan R, Javed S, Islam M (2018) Hierarchical Nanostructures of titanium dioxide: synthesis and applications. In: titanium dioxide-material for a sustainable environment, IntechOpen
Krishna DL, Woo BJ, Hyun LD, Su KJ (2018) Hierarchical Ag/TiO2/Si forest-like nano/micro-architectures as antireflective, plasmonic photocatalytic, and self-cleaning coatings. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:1580–1591
Mawarnis ER, AliUmar A, Tomitori M, Balouch A, Nurdin M, Muzakkar MZ, Oyama M (2018) Hierarchical bimetallic AgPt nanoferns as high-performance catalysts for selective acetone hydrogenation to isopropanol. ACS Omega 3:11526–11536
Mo L, Zheng H (2019) Growth of MnO2 nanoflakes on TiO2 nanorods for pseudocapacitor. J Alloys Compd 788:1162–1168
Moshtaghi S, Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M (2016) Preparation and characterization of BaSnO3 nanostructures via a new simple surfactant-free route. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 27:425–435
Nada AA, Nasr M, Viter R, Miele P, Roualdes SP, Bechelany M (2017) Mesoporous ZnFe2O4@TiO2 nanofibers prepared by electrospinning coupled to PECVD as highly performing photocatalytic materials. J Phys Chem C 121:24669–24677
Nada AA, Tantawy HR, Elsayed MA, Bechelany M, Elmowafy ME (2018) Elaboration of nano titania-magnetic reduced graphene oxide for degradation of tartrazine dye in aqueous solution. Solid State Sci 78:116–125
Nada AA, Bekheet MF, Viter R, Miele P, Roualdes S, Bechelany M (2019a) BN/GdxTi (1−x) O (4−x)/2 nanofibers for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. Appl Catal B 251:76–86
Nada AA, Bekheet MF, Roualdes S, Gurlo A, Ayral A (2019b) Functionalization of MCM-41 with titanium oxynitride deposited via PECVD for enhanced removal of methylene blue. J Mol Liq 274:505–515
Patidar V, Jain P (2017) Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticle using Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Int Res J Eng Technol 4:470–473
Patil RA, Devan RS, Liou Y, Ma Y-R (2016) Efficient electrochromic smart windows of one-dimensional pure brookite TiO2 nanoneedles. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 147:240–245
Qu Z, Yu Q, Brouwers H (2019) Effect of LDH nano-flakes on the mechanical and transport properties of lightweight concrete. Serv Life Durabil Reinforced Concrete Struct 2019:3
Rad TS, Khataee A, Kayan B, Kalderis D, Akay S (2018) Synthesis of pumice-TiO2 nanoflakes for sonocatalytic degradation of famotidine. J Clean Prod 202:853–862
Razali MH, Noor AFM, Yusoff M (2017) Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Cu2 +/F–Co-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes as photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation. Sci Adv Mater 9:1032–1041
Said AE-AA, El-Wahab MMA, Goda MN (2016) Selective synthesis of acetone from isopropyl alcohol over active and stable CuO–NiO nanocomposites at relatively low-temperature. Egypt J Basic Appl Sci 3:357–365
Schneider J, Matsuoka M, Takeuchi M, Zhang J, Horiuchi Y, Anpo M, Bahnemann DW (2014) Understanding TiO2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials. Chem Rev 114:9919–9986
Sepehr MN, Sivasankar V, Zarrabi M, Kumar MS (2013) Surface modification of pumice enhancing its fluoride adsorption capacity: an insight into kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng J 228:192–204
Shah AA (2016) Synthesis of novel nano-strawberry TiO2 structures with the aid of microwave inverter system: growth time effect on optical absorption intensity. KnE Eng 1:2016
Shah MT, Balouch A, Rajar K, Brohi IA, Umar AA (2015) Selective heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of ketone (C2O) to alcohol (OH) by magnetite nanoparticles following Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic approach. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:6480–6489
Shaheen W, Zahran A, El-Shobaky G (2003) Surface and catalytic properties of NiO/MgO system doped with Fe2O3. Colloids Surf A 231:51–65
Shen J, Hu W, Li Y, Li L, Lv X-J, Zhang L (2017) Fabrication of free-standing N-doped carbon/TiO2 hierarchical nanofiber films and their application in lithium and sodium storages. J Alloy Compd 701:372–379
Verma R, Awasthi A, Singh P, Srivastava R, Sheng H, Wen J, Miller DJ, Srivastava AK (2016) Interactions of titania based nanoparticles with silica and green-tea: photo-degradation and-luminescence. J Colloid Interface Sci 475:82–95
Wang D, Yu R, Kumada N, Kinomura N (1999) Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a novel one-dimensional titanium glycolate complex single crystal: Ti (OCH2CH2O) 2. Chem Mater 11:2008–2012
Wang Y, Xue X, Liu P, Wang C, Yi X, Hu Y, Ma L, Zhu G, Chen R, Chen T (2018) Atomic substitution enabled synthesis of vacancy-rich two-dimensional black TiO2–x nanoflakes for high-performance rechargeable magnesium batteries. ACS Nano 12:12492–12502
Wu W-Q, Xu Y-F, Rao H-S, Su C-Y, Kuang D-B (2014) Multistack integration of three-dimensional hyperbranched anatase titania architectures for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 136:6437–6445
Zhan F, Liu W, Li H, Yang Y, Wang M (2018) Ce-doped CdS quantum dot sensitized TiO2 nanorod films with enhanced visible-light photoelectrochemical properties. Appl Surf Sci 455:476–483
Zhu K, Sun Y, Wang R, Shan Z, Liu K (2017) Fast synthesis of uniform mesoporous titania submicrospheres with high tap densities for high-volumetric performance Li-ion batteries. Sci China Mater 60:304–314
Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M (2015a) Nanocrystalline Pr6O11: synthesis, characterization, optical and photocatalytic properties. New J Chem 39:3948–3955
Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M (2015b) Novel poly (ethyleneglycol)-assisted synthesis of praseodymium oxide nanostructures via a facile precipitation route. Ceram Int 41:567–575
Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M (2015c) Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline praseodymium oxide via a simple precipitation approach. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 26:5812–5821
Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M (2016a) Preparation of nanocrystalline cubic ZrO2 with different shapes via a simple precipitation approach. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27:3918–3928
Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M (2016b) Zirconia nanostructures: novel facile surfactant-free preparation and characterization. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 13:108–115
Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M, Hamadanian M (2015) Praseodymium oxide nanostructures: novel solvent-less preparation, characterization and investigation of their optical and photocatalytic properties. RSC Adv 5:33792–33800
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pato, A.H., Balouch, A., Talpur, F.N. et al. Synthesis and catalytic practicality of titania@ITO-grown nanoflakes: an excellent candidate for isopropanol conversion to acetone. Appl Nanosci 10, 739–749 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01200-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01200-4