Abstract
In this paper, we represented a one-pot biofabricated method for preparation of a graphene-decorated gold NPs (RGO/Au) scaffold, that is integrated into poly-3 hydroxybutyrate-co-12 mol.% (P3HB-co-12 mol.%) hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) fibers. The images of FESEM microscope displayed a permeable mat-shaped matrix assembly with a fibrous nature indicating the formation of a fibrous PHA/RGO/Au hybrid. The results of elemental mapping for PHA/RGO/Au hybrids have confirmed that the AuNPs were reliably present inside the hybrid matrix along with the elements ‘C’ and ‘O’. Additionally, we also analyzed the probability of combining the graphene’s conductive properties with electrospun nanofiber to produce electroactive biomimetic scaffold for the regeneration of nerve tissue. We also performed an in vitro study, which represented the conducting nanofibrous scaffold that prominently endorsed Schwann cell (SC) proliferation as well as migration. From these results, it is evident that the graphene-modified nanofibrous scaffold displays potential in repairing the peripheral nerve along with its regeneration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bendali A, Hess LH, Seifert M, Forster V, Stephan AF, Garrido JA, Picaud S (2013) Purified neurons can survive on peptide-free graphene layers. Adv Healthc Mater 2:929–933
Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Cianga I (2011) Review paper: progress in the field of conducting polymers for tissue engineering applications. J Biomater Appl 26:3–84
Chen GY, Pang WP, Hwang SM, Tuan HY, Hu YC (2012) A graphene-based platform for induced pluripotent stem cells culture and differentiation. Biomaterials 33:418–427
Cheng ML, Lin CC, Su HL, Chen PY, Sun YM (2008) Processing and characterization of electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) nanofibrous membranes. Polymer 49:546–553
Das S, Sharma M, Saharia D, Sarma KK, Sarma MG, Borthakur BB, Bora U (2015) Data in support of in vivo studies of silk based gold nano-composite conduits for functional peripheral nerve regeneration. Data Brief 4:315–321
Fattahi P, Yang G, Kim G, Abidian MR (2014) A review of organic and inorganic biomaterials for neural interfaces. Adv Mater 26:1846–1885
Gardin C, Piattelli A, Zavan B (2016) Graphene in regenerative medicine: focus on stem cells and neuronal differentiation. Trends Biotechnol 34:435–437
Geim AK (2008) Graphene: status and prospects. Science 324:1530–1534
Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191
Goenka S, Sant V, Sant S (2014) Graphene-based nanomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. J Control Release 173:75–88
Green RA, Hassarati RT, Goding JA, Baek S, Lovell NH, Martens PJ, Poolewarren LA (2012) Conductive hydrogels: mechanically robust hybrids for use as biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 12:494–501
Gu X, Ding F, Yang Y, Liu J (2011) Construction of tissue engineered nerve grafts and their application in peripheral nerve regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 93:204–230
Gu Y, Zhu J, Xue C, Li Z, Ding F, Yang Y, Gu X (2014a) Chitosan/silk fibroin-based, Schwann cell-derived extracellular matrix-modified scaffolds for bridging rat sciatic nerve gaps. Biomaterials 35:2253–2263
Gu M, Liu Y, Chen T, Du F, Zhao X, Xiong C, Zhou Y (2014b) Is graphene a promising nano-material for promoting surface modification of implants or scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering? J Tissue Eng 20:477–491
Guo S, Dong S (2011) Graphene nanosheet: synthesis, molecular engineering, thin film, hybrids, and energy and analytical applications. Chem Soc Rev 40:2644–2672
Heo C, Yoo J, Lee S, Jo A, Jung S, Yoo H, Lee YH, Suh M (2011) The control of neural cell-to-cell interactions through non-contact electrical field stimulation using graphene electrodes. Biomaterials 32:19–27
Hu W, Chen S, Yang Z, Liu L, Wang H (2011) Flexible electrically conductive nanocomposite membrane based on bacterial cellulose and polyaniline. J Phys Chem B 115:8453–8457
Ide C, Tohyama K, Tajima K, Endoh K, Sano K, Tamura M, Mizoguchi A, Kitada M, Morihara T, Shirasu M (1998) Long acellular nerve transplants for allogeneic grafting and the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on the growth of regenerating axons in dogs: a preliminary report. Exp Neurol 154:99–112
Jiang H (2011) Chemical preparation of graphene-based nanomaterials and their applications in chemical and biological sensors. Small 7:2413–2427
Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW, Hone J (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321:385–388
Lee WC, Lim CH, Shi H, Tang LA, Wang Y, Lim CT, Loh KP (2011) Origin of enhanced stem cell growth and differentiation on graphene and graphene oxide. ACS Nano 5:7334–7341
Li N, Zhang X, Song Q, Su R, Zhang Q, Kong T, Liu L, Jin G, Tang M, Cheng G (2011) The promotion of neurite sprouting and outgrowth of mouse hippocampal cells in culture by graphene substrates. Biomaterials 32:9374–9382
Li N, Zhang Q, Gao S, Song Q, Huang R, Wang L, Liu L, Dai J, Tang M, Cheng G (2013) Three-dimensional graphene foam as a biocompatible and conductive scaffold for neural stem cells. Sci Rep 3:132
Maddinedi SB, Mandal BK (2014) A review on ‘Low-cost and eco-friendly green methods for graphene synthesis. Int J Nanosci Technol 3:2319–8796
Maddinedi SB, Mandal BK, Anna KK (2017a) Environment friendly approach for size controllable synthesis of biocompatible Silver nanoparticles using diastase. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 49:131–136
Maddinedi SB, Mandal BK, Anna KK (2017b) Tyrosine assisted size controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their catalytic and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 51:23–29
Maddinedi SB, Mandal BK, Anna KK, Patel SH, Vaibhav Vilas A, Shivendu R, Nandita D (2017c) Diastase induced green synthesis of bilayered reduced graphene oxide and its decoration with gold nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol B 116:252–258
Meng S (2014) Nerve cell differentiation using constant and programmed electrical stimulation through conductive non-functional graphene nanosheets film. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 11:274–283
Nair RR, Blake P, Grigorenko AN, Novoselov KS, Booth TJ, Stauber T, Peres NM, Geim AK (2008) Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene. Science 320:1308
Nayak TR, Andersen H, Makam VS, Khaw C, Bae S, Xu X, Ee PL, Ahn JH, Hong BH, Pastorin G (2011) Graphene for controlled and accelerated osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. ACS Nano 5:4670–4678
Nectow AR, Marra KG, Kaplan DL (2012) Biomaterials for the development of peripheral nerve guidance conduits. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 18:40–50
Neto AHC (2009) The electronic properties of graphene. Vacuum 83:1248–1252
Park SY, Park J, Sim SH, Sung MG, Kim KS, Hong BH, Hong S (2011) Enhanced differentiation of human neural stem cells into neurons on graphene. Adv Mater 23:H263–H267
Ray WZ, Mackinnon SE (2010) Management of nerve gaps: autografts, allografts, nerve transfers, and end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Exp Neurol 223:77–85
Shen H, Zhang L, Liu M, Zhang Z (2012) Biomedical applications of graphene. Theranostics 2:283–294
Stoller MD, Park S, Zhu Y, An J, Ruoff RS (2008) Graphene-based ultracapacitors. Nano Lett 8:3498–3502
Wang B, Zhang Z, Chang K, Cui J, Rosenkranz A, Yu J, Lin CHT, Chen G, Zang K, Luo J, Jiang N, Guo D (2018) New deformation-induced nanostructure in silicon. Nano Lett 18:4611–4617
Yu X, Bellamkonda RV (2003) Tissue-engineered scaffolds are effective alternatives to autografts for bridging peripheral nerve gaps. J Tissue Eng 9:421–430
Zhang Z, Song Y, Xu CH, Guo D (2012a) A novel model for undeformed nanometer chips of soft-brittle HgCdTe films induced by ultrafine diamond grits. Scripta Mater 67:197–200
Zhang Z, Huo F, Zhang X, Guo D (2012b) Fabrication and size prediction of crystalline nanoparticles of silicon induced by nanogrinding with ultrafine diamond grits. Scripta Mater 67:657–660
Zhang Z, Song Y, Huo F, Guo D (2012c) Nanoscale material removal mechanism of soft-brittle HgCdTe single crystals under nanogrinding by ultrafine diamond grits. Tribol Lett 46:95–100
Zhang Z, Huo Y, Guo D (2013) A model for nanogrinding based on direct evidence of ground chips of silicon wafers. China-Technol Sci 56:2099–2108
Zhang Z, Wang B, Kang R, Zhang B, Guo D (2015) Changes in surface layer of silicon wafers from diamond scratching. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 64:349–352
Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhou P, Kang R, Zhang B, Guo D (2016a) A novel approach of chemical mechanical polishing for cadmium zinc telluride wafers. Sci Rep 6:26891
Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhou P, Guo D, Kang R, Zhang B (2016b) A novel approach of chemical mechanical polishing using environment-friendly slurry for mercury cadmium telluride semiconductors. Sci Rep 6:22466
Zhang Z, Huang S, Chen L, Wang B, Wen B, Zhang B, Guo D (2017a) Ultrahigh hardness on a face-centered cubic metal. Appl Surf Sci 416:891–900
Zhang Z, Cui J, Wang B, Wang Z, Kang R, Guo D (2017b) A novel approach of mechanical chemical grinding. J Alloy Compd 726:514–524
Zhang Z, Huang S, Wang S, Wang B, Bai Q, Zhang B, Kang R, Guo D (2017c) A novel approach of high-performance grinding using developed diamond wheels. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 91:3315–3326
Zhang Z, Shi Z, Du Y, Yu Z, Guo L, Guo D (2018) A novel approach of chemical mechanical polishing for a titanium alloy using an environment-friendly slurry. Appl Surf Sci 427:409–415
Zhang Z, Cui J, Zhang J, Liu D, Yu Z, Guo D (2019) Environment friendly chemical mechanical polishing of copper. Appl Surf Sci 467–468:5–11
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Q., Liu, G., Liu, X. et al. Synthesis of an electrospun PHA/RGO/Au scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration: an in vitro study. Appl Nanosci 10, 687–694 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01130-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01130-1