Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of the effect of nanoparticle morphologies on the cost of dye wastewater treatment via ultrasonic/photocatalytic hybrid process

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Applied Nanoscience Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Treatment of dye wastewaters by nanoparticles is an attractive research in environmental engineering. In this research, for the treatment of wastewater containing methylene blue, a novel process was introduced in which a hybrid of ultrasound and photocatalysis was used. ZnO nanoparticle was employed as the catalyst. A synthesis technique for ZnO nanoparticles was used, and the resulted nanoparticle was capable of conducting photocatalytic activity in the visible light spectrum. Since the efficiency of a photocatalytic process in strongly dependent on the characteristics of the nanoparticle, in this study, the synthesis temperature parameter along with other parameters (that affect the ultrasonic/photocatalytic hybrid process such as pH, nanoparticle concentration, ultrasonic power, light source power, dye concentration, and time) were investigated as independent variables. Since treatment cost plays an important role in the selection for a proper treatment process, the cost of energy consumed in the hybrid process was chosen as the dependent variable. Examining the simultaneous effect of independent variables on the cost was one of the innovations of this research. Another novel aspect of this research is the determination of the synergetic or antagonistic effects of independent variables on each other. Furthermore, the optimal conditions to reach the optimum energy consumption level were also determined. Based on the SEM test results, the morphology of optimal nanoparticle (synthesized at 300 °C) was achieved, and the nanoparticle produced at this temperature was then analyzed via FTIR, XRD, EDS and BET techniques. The most appropriate conditions of the independent variables to reach the minimum energy consumption in treatment were observed at the pH of 8.76, nanoparticle concentration of 1.401 g/l, ultrasonic power of 119 W, light source power of 21.909 W, dye concentration of 45.905 ppm, and the process time of 13.695 min. According to the results, the optimum cost of the energy was about 0.001 ¢ for removing each milligram of dye and it obtained for optimum reaction conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdelkarim S, Mohammed H, Nouredine B (2017) Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution Using an Agricultural Waste. Trends Green Chem 3(1):1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezerra MA, Santelli RE, Oliveira EP, Villar LS, Escaleira LA (2008) Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta 76:965–977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatnagar A, Chenung HM (1994) Sonochemical destruction of chlorinated C1 and C2 volatile compounds in dilute aqueous solution. Environ Sci Technol 28:1481–1486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chong M, Jin B (2012) Photocatalytic treatment of high concentration carbamazepine in synthetic hospital wastewater. J Hazard Mater 199–200:135–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Compton RG, Eklund JC, Marken F, Rebbitt TO, Akkermans RP, Waller DN (1997) Dual activitation: coupling ultrasound to electrochemistry–an overview. Electrochem Acta 6:2919–2927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta V (2009) Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal–a review. J Environ Manag 90(8):2313–2342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kakavandi B, Kalantary RR, Esrafily A(2013)Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic of reactive blue 5 (RB5) Dye adsorpting using Fe3O4 nanoparticles and activated carbon magnetic composite. J Color Sci Technol 7:237–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassale A, Barouni K, Bazzaoui M, Albourine A (2015) Kinetics and modeling of the adsorption of methylene blue by the grafted cotton. J Chem Biol Phys Sci 2(2):1205–1216

    Google Scholar 

  • Masombaigi H, Rezaee A, Nasiri A (2009) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using ZnO nano-particles. Iran J Health Environ 2(3):188–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Metivier-Pignon H, Faur-Brasquet C, Cloirec PL (2003) Adsorption of dyes onto activated carbon cloths: approach of adsorption mechanisms and coupling of ACC with ultra filtration to treat coloured wastewaters. Sep Purif Technol 31:3–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naresh Yadav D, Anand Kishore K, Bhaskar B, Shirish HS, Bhagawan D (2017) ZnO nanophotocatalysts coupled with ceramic membrane method for treatment of Rhodamine-B dye waste water. Environ Dev Sustain 20(5):2065–2078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi K, Cheng B, Yu J, Ho W (2017) Review on the improvement of the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of ZnO. J Alloy Compd 727:792–820

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serpone N, Terzian R, Hidaka H, Plizzetti E (1994) Ultrasonic induced dehalogehation and oxidation of 2-, 3- and 4-chlorophenol in air-equilibrated aqueous media: Similarities with irradiated semiconductor particulates. J Phys Chem 98:2634–2640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Zhang Z, Chang K, Cui J, Rosenkranz A, Yu J, Lin CT, Chen G, Zang K, Luo J, Jiang N, Guo D (2018) New deformation-induced nanostructure in silicon. Nano Lett 18(7):4611–4617

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xinwen L, Zhengxian C, Zuliang C (2013) Remediation of Direct Black G in wastewater using kaolin-supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles. Chem Eng J 223:764–771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Huo F, Zhang X, Guo D (2012a) Fabrication and size prediction of crystalline nanoparticles of silicon induced by nanogrinding with ultrafine diamond grits. Scr Mater 67:657–660

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Song Y, Xu C, Guo D (2012b) A novel model for undeformed nanometer chips of soft-brittle HgCdTe films induced by ultrafine diamond grits. Scripta Mater 67(2):197–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Zhang X, Xu C, Guo D (2013a) Characterization of nanoscale chips and a novel model for face nanogrinding on soft-brittle HgCdTe films. Nano Lett 49(1):203–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Huo Y, Guo D (2013b) A model for nanogrinding based on direct evidence of ground chips of silicon wafers. Sci China Tech Sci 56(9):2099–2108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Wang B, Kang R, Zhang B, Guo D (2015) Changes in surface layer of silicon wafers from diamond scratching. CIRP Ann 64(1):349–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhou P, Guo D, Kang R, Zhang B (2016a) A novel approach of chemical mechanical polishing using environment-friendly slurry for mercury cadmium telluride semiconductors. Sci Rep 6:22466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhou P, Kang R, Zhang B, Guo D (2016b) A novel approach of chemical mechanical polishing for cadmium zinc telluride wafers. Sci Rep 6:26891

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Wang B, Huang S, Wen B, Yang S, Zhang B, Lin CT, Jiang N, Jin Z, Guo D (2016c) A novel approach to fabricating a nanotwinned surface on a ternary nickel alloy. Mater Des 106:313–320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Cui J, Wang B, Wang Z, Kang R, Guo D (2017a) A novel approach of mechanical chemical grinding. J Alloy Compd 726:514–524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Huang S, Chen L, Wang B, Wen B, Zhang B, Guo D (2017b) Ultrahigh hardness on a face-centered cubic metal. Appl Surf Sci 416:891–900

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Shi Z, Du Y, Yu Z, Guo L, Guo D (2018) A novel approach of chemical mechanical polishing for a titanium alloy using an environment-friendly slurry. Appl Surf Sci 427(Part A):409–415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Cui J, Zhang J, Liu D, Yu Z, Guo D (2019) Environment friendly chemical mechanical polishing of copper. Appl Surf Sci 467–468:5–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was done using of Babol Noshirvani University of Technology financial support (Grant Number: BNUT/393016/97).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran

    Reyhane Khalegh

  2. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, 47148–71167, Babol, Iran

    Farhad Qaderi

Authors
  1. Reyhane Khalegh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Farhad Qaderi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farhad Qaderi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khalegh, R., Qaderi, F. Optimization of the effect of nanoparticle morphologies on the cost of dye wastewater treatment via ultrasonic/photocatalytic hybrid process. Appl Nanosci 9, 1869–1889 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-00984-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-00984-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation