Abstract
In the present paper, formulation and computations are made to investigate the flow of nanofluid past a heated stretching cylinder. Flow in porous space is specified by Darcy–Forchheimer model. Water with silver (Ag), copper (Cu), copper oxide (CuO), titanium oxide (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are considered as nanofluids. Heat transport mechanism is expressed through nonlinear radiation and non-uniform heat generation/absorption. Convective condition is also utilized for heat transport phenomenon. Through implementation of second law of thermodynamics the total entropy generation is calculated. Moreover, entropy generation for fluid friction and heat transfer is discussed. This study is specially investigated for the impact of Darcy–Forchheimer relation with entropy generation subject to distinct flow parameters. Optimal homotopy algorithm computes the nonlinear strong differential systems. Plots reflecting outcomes of influential variables are examined. The obtained results indicate that entropy rate directly depends on Brinkman number, temperature difference parameter and Forchheimer number. Estimations of skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate are also carried out. It is found that magnitude of rate of heat transfer and skin friction coefficient enhances via volume fraction of nanoparticles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alshomrani AS, Irfan M, Saleem A, Khan M (2018) Chemically reactive flow and heat transfer of magnetite Oldroyd-B nanofluid subject to stratifications. Appl Nanosci 8:1743–1754
Alzahrani AK (2018) Importance of Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium in 3D convective flow of carbon nanotubes. Phys Lett A 382:2938–2943
Anwar MS, Rasheed A (2017) Heat transfer at microscopic level in a MHD fractional inertial flow confined between non-isothermal boundaries. Eur Phys J Plus 132:305
Anwar MS, Rasheed A (2018) Joule heating in magnetic resistive flow with fractional Cattaneo–Maxwell model. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 40:501
Choi SUS, Eastman JA (1995) Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. ASME Int Mech Eng Congr Expos 66:99–105
Dinarvand S, Hosseini R, Pop I (2016) Homotopy analysis method for unsteady mixed convective stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid using Tiwari–Das nanofluid model, Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow 40–62
Dinarvand S, Hosseini R, Pop I (2017) Axisymmetric mixed convective stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid over a vertical permeable cylinder by Tiwari–Das nanofluid model. Powder Technol 311:147–156
Forchheimer P (1901) Wasserbewegung durch boden. Zeitschrift Ver D Ing 45:1782–1788
Ganvir RB, Walke PV, Kriplani VM (2017) Heat transfer characteristics in nanofluid—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 75:451–460
Hayat T, Rashid M, Imtiaz M, Alsaedi A (2017a) MHD effects on a thermo-solutal stratified nanofluid flow on an exponentially radiating stretching sheet. J Appl Mech Tech Phys 58:214–223
Hayat T, Rashid M, Alsaedi A (2017b) MHD convective flow of magnetite-Fe3O4 nanoparticles by curved stretching sheet. Results Phys 7:3107–3115
Hayat T, Aziz A, Muhammad T, Alsaedi A (2018a) An optimal analysis for Darcy–Forchheimer 3D flow of Carreau nanofluid with convectively heated surface. Results Phys 9:598–608
Hayat T, Rafique K, Muhammad T, Alsaedi A, Ayub M (2018b) Carbon nanotubes significance in Darcy–Forchheimer flow. Results Phys 8:26–33
Hayat T, Rashid M, Alsaedi A, Ahmad B (2018c) Flow of nanofluid by nonlinear stretching velocity. Results Phys 8:1104–1109
Imtiaz M, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Asghar S (2017) Slip flow by a variable thickness rotating disk subject to magnetohydrodynamics. Results Phys 7:503–509
Irfan M, Khan M, Khan WA, Sajid M (2018) Thermal and solutal stratifications in flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid with variable conductivity. Appl Phys A. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2086-3
Irfan M, Khan M, Khan WA (2019a) Impact of non-uniform heat sink/source and convective condition in radiative heat transfer to Oldroyd-B nanofluid: a revised proposed relation. Phys Lett A 383:376–382
Irfan M, Khan WA, Khan M, Mudassar Gulzar M (2019b) Influence of Arrhenius activation energy in chemically reactive radiative flow of 3D Carreau nanofluid with nonlinear mixed convection. J Phys Chem Solids 125:141–152
Khan M, Irfan M, Khan WA (2018) Impact of heat source/sink on radiative heat transfer to Maxwell nanofluid subject to revised mass flux condition. Results Phys 9:851–857
Kumar A, Kumar PM (2017) Natural convection and thermal radiation influence on nanofluid flow over a stretching cylinder in a porous medium with viscous dissipation. Alex Eng J 56:55–62
Lakshmi KLK, Gireesha BJ, Gorla RSR, Mahanthesh B (2016) Effects of diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion on two-phase boundary layer flow past a stretching sheet with fluid-particle suspension and chemical reaction: a numerical study. J Niger Math Soc 35:66–81
Liao SJ (2004) On the homotopy analysis method for nonlinear problems. Appl Math Comput 147:499–513
Merkin JH, Najib N, Bachok N, Ishak A, Pop I (2017) Stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over an exponentially stretching/shrinking cylinder. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 47:65–72
Muhammad T, Alsaedi A, Shehzad SA, Hayat T (2017) A revised model for Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Maxwell nanofluid subject to convective boundary condition. Chin J Phys 55:963–976
Muskat M (1946) The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media. Edwards, Irvine
Nourazar SS, Hatami M, Ganji DD, Khazayineja M (2017) Thermal-flow boundary layer analysis of nanofluid over a porous stretching cylinder under the magnetic field effect. Powder Technol 317:310–319
Qayyum S, Khan MI, Hayat T, Alsaedi A (2018) Comparative investigation of five nanoparticles in flow of viscous fluid with Joule heating and slip due to rotating disk. Phys B Phys Condensed Matter 534:173–183
Rasheed A, Anwar MS (2018) Simulations of variable concentration aspects in a fractional nonlinear viscoelastic fluid flow. Commun Nonlinear Sci Num Simul 65:216–230
Rasheed A, Anwar MS (2019) Interplay of chemical reacting species in a fractional viscoelastic fluid flow. J Mol Liq 273:576–588
Rashid M, Khan MI, Hayat T, Khan MI, Alsaedi A (2019) Entropy generation in flow of ferromagnetic liquid with nonlinear radiation and slip condition. J Mol Liq 276:441–452
Rout BC, Mishra SR (2018) Thermal energy transport on MHD nanofluid flow over a stretching surface: a comparative study. Eng Sci Technol Int J 21:60–69
Sakiadis BC (1961) Boundary layer behaviour on continuous solid surfaces: boundary layer equations for two-dimensional and axisymmetric flow. AICEJ 7:26–28
Seddeek MA (2006) Influence of viscous dissipation and thermophoresis on Darcy–Forchheimer mixed convection in a fluid saturated porous media. J Colloid Interface Sci 293:137–142
Shaiq S, Maraj EN, Iqbal Z (2019) A comparative analysis of shape factor and thermophysical properties of electrically conducting nanofluids TiO2-EG and Cu-EG towards stretching cylinder. Chaos Solitons Fractals 118:290–299
Shehzad SA, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Chen B (2016) A useful model for solar radiation. Energy Ecol Environ 1:30–38
Sheikholeslami M, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Abelman S (2017) Numerical analysis of EHD nanofluid force convective heat transfer considering electric field dependent viscosity. Int J Heat Mass Transf 108:2558–2565
Turkyilmazoglu M (2016) An effective approach for evaluation of the optimal convergence control parameter in the homotopy analysis method. Filomat 30:1633–1650
Umavathi JC, Ojjela O, Vajravelu K (2017) Numerical analysis of natural convective flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in a vertical rectangular duct using Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman model. Int J Thermal Sci 111:511–524
Wang CY, Chiu-OnNg (2011) Slip flow due to a stretching cylinder. Int J Nonlinear Mech 46:1191–1194
Zhang Y, Zhang M, Bai Y (2017) Unsteady flow and heat transfer of power-law nanofluid thin film over a stretching sheet with variable magnetic field and power-law velocity slip effect. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 70:104–110
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rashid, M., Hayat, T. & Alsaedi, A. Entropy generation in Darcy–Forchheimer flow of nanofluid with five nanoarticles due to stretching cylinder. Appl Nanosci 9, 1649–1659 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-00961-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-00961-2