Characterization of pharmaceuticals industrial effluent using GC–MS and FT-IR analyses and defining its toxicity

Table 1 Physicochemical characteristics of pharmaceutical effluent

Parameters	Range	Mean ± SE	Standard permissible value CPCB (2005)
pH	5.4–5.6	5.6 ± 0.11	6.0–8.5
EC (µs cm⁻¹)	1230–1830	1563.34 ± 176	1000
TDS (mg L⁻¹)	695–1170	920.34 ± 137	2100
BOD (mg L⁻¹)	5460–9000	7253.34 ± 1022	100
COD (mg L⁻¹)	11,980–15,840	756.67 ± 1124	250
Heavy metal (mg L⁻¹)
Cu	1.98–2.56	2.21 ± 0.19	3
Co	0.26–0.53	0.39 ± 0.08	NS
Cd	0.10–0.50	0.27 ± 0.12	2
Ni	0.04–0.07	0.05 ± 0.01	3
Pb	0.58–1.2	0.85 ± 0.90	0.1
Mn	0.58–1.05	0.84 ± 0.14	2
Cr	1.47–1.51	1.50 ± 0.02	2
Zn	2.61–3.5	3.11 ± 0.27	5
Fe	1.72–2.13	1.90 ± 0.12	3
As	0.05–0.09	0.07 ± 0.02	0.2
Hg	0.003–0.006	0.004 ± 0.001	0.01