Abstract
Endophytic fungi are not only ubiquitous in plants, but also play an important role in the balancing of plant microecosystems. Numerous studies have shown that plant species and environment have a significant influence on the richness of endophytic fungi, and endophytic fungi often provide different forms of fitness benefits to their associated host plants. The present work aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi harboured in the tissues of the native medicinal plant Cornus officinalis and screen beneficial fungi to inhibit cornel pathogens. A total of 208 strains were recovered from 720 tissue segments. The overall colonisation and isolation rates of endophytic fungi were 33.89% and 28.89%, with triennial twigs (53.33%, 55%) and fruits (6.67%, 3.33%) having the highest and lowest rates, respectively. On the basis of morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, 183 isolates were classified into 13 genera. Amongst them, Alternaria, Botryosphaeria and Talaromyces were dominant communities, and their relative abundances were 31.25%, 26.92% and 10.10%, respectively. A detailed calculation of the Shannon diversity (H′ = 1.65) and Margalef’s richness indices (Dmg = 2.30) revealed that the overall biodiversity of fungal endophytes in C. officinalis was relatively high, with the stems harbouring the highest diversity. The antagonism assay of 75 representative endophytes on the four main fungal pathogens of C. officinalis indicated that nine strains with antibiosis and eight strains with inhibition rate of more than 50% were obtained by the dual culture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigated the distribution and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant C. officinalis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aly AH, Debbab A, Kjer J, Proksch P (2010) Fungal endophytes from higher plants, a prolific source of phytochemicals and other bioactive natural products. Fungal Divers 41:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0034-4
Arnold AE (2007) Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi, progress, challenges, and frontiers. Fungal Biol Rev 21:51–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2007.05.003
Barnett HL, Hunter BB (1972) Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi, 3rd edn. Burgess Pub Co, Minneapolis. https://doi.org/10.2307/3757954
Bode HB, Bethe B, Höfs R, Zeeck A (2002) Big effects from small changes, possible ways to explore nature’s chemical diversity. Chembiochem. 3:619–627. https://doi.org/10.1002/1439-7633
Bungihan ME, Tan MA, Kitajima M, Kogure N, Franzblau SG, Dela Cruz TE, Takayama H, Nonato MG (2011) Bioactive metabolites of Diaporthe sp. P133, an endophytic fungus isolated from Pandanus amaryllifolius. J Nat Med 65:606–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0518-x
Camargo JA (1992) Can dominance influence stability in competitive interactions? Oikos. 64:605–609. https://doi.org/10.2307/3545183
Chamberlain K, Crawford DL (1999) In vitro and in vivo antagonism of pathogenic turfgrass fungi by Streptomyces hygroscopicus strains YCED9 and WYE53. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 23:641–646. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900671
Chen SL (2010) Regional suitability and numerical division for traditional Chinese medicine. Science Press, Beijing
Chen YH, Feng JC, Zheng XB, Li JD, Wu YX, Bi HT, Wu GX, Yao F (2012) Development and prospects of researches on Cornus officinalis. Nonwood For Res 30:143–150. https://doi.org/10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2012.01.008
De Siqueira VM, Conti R, De Araújo JM, Souza-Motta CM (2011) Endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Lippia sidoides Cham. And their antimicrobial activity. Symbiosis. 53:89–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-011-0113-7
De Siqueira KA, Brissow ER, Santos JLD, White JF, Santos FR, De Almeida EG, Soares MA (2016) Endophytism and bioactivity of endophytic fungi isolated from Combretum lanceolatum Pohl ex Eichler. Symbiosis 71(3):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-016-0427-6
Dong Y, Feng ZL, Chen HB, Wang FS, Lu JH (2018) Corni Fructus: a review of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Chin Med-UK 13:34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0191-z
Eaton CJ, Cox MP, Scott B (2011) What triggers grass endophytes to switch from mutualism to pathogenism? Plant Sci 180:190–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.10.002
Farnsworth N, Akerele O, Bingel A, Soejarto D, Guo Z (1985) Medicinal plants in therapy. B World Health Organ 63:965–981. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(87)90016-X
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies, an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution. 39:783–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x
Gazis R, Chaverri P (2010) Diversity of fungal endophytes in leaves and stems of wild rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in Peru. Fungal Ecol 3:240–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2009.12.001
Guo SX (2018) The recent progress and prospects of research on endophytic fungi in medicinal plants. Mycosystema. 37:1–13. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.170252
Gupta S, Chaturvedi P, Kulkarni MG, Van Staden J (2018) A critical review on exploiting the pharmaceutical potential of plant endophytic fungi. Biotechnol Adv 39:107462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107462
Halo BA, Al-Yahyai RA, Al-Sadi AM (2020) An endophytic Talaromyces omanensis enhances reproductive, physiological and anatomical characteristics of drought-stressed tomato. J Plant Physiol 249:153163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153163
Hamilton CE, Gundel PE, Helander M, Saikkonen K (2012) Endophytic mediation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant activity in plants: a review. Fungal Divers 54:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0158-9
He K, Song S, Zou Z, Feng M, Wang D, Wang Y, Li X, Ye X (2016) The hypoglycemic and synergistic effect of loganin, morroniside, and ursolic acid isolated from the fruits of Cornus officinalis. Phytother Res 30:283–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5529
He J, Ye XS, Wang XX, Yang YN, Zhang PC, Ma BZ, Zhang WK, Xu JK (2017) Four new iridoid glucosides containing the furan ring from the fruit of Cornus officinalis. Fitoterapia. 120:136–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2017.06.003
Hou DY, Shi LC, Yang MM, Li J, Xu HW (2018) De novo transcriptomic analysis of leaf and fruit tissue of Cornus officinalis using illumina platform. PLoS One 13:e0192610. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192610
Kusari P, Kusari S, Spiteller M, Kayser O (2013) Endophytic fungi harbored in Cannabis sativa L., diversity and potential as biocontrol agents against host plant-specific phytopathogens. Fungal Divers 60:131–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0216-3
Li HX, Huang HB, Shao CL, Huang HR, Jiang JY, Zhu X, Liu YY, Liu L, Lu YJ, Li MF, Lin YC, She ZG (2011) Cytotoxic norsesquiterpene peroxides from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces flavus isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala. J Nat Prod 74:1230–1235. https://doi.org/10.1021/np200164k
Li Y, Piao CG, Guo LM, Chang JP, Wang HM, He W, Xie SJ, Guo MW (2013) Predominant species dynamic and diversity of fungal endophytes in barks of two Populus cultivars. For Res 26:292–298. https://doi.org/10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2013.03.005
Lin YQ, Hong W (2012) Research and future application of plant endophytic fungi. J Fujian For Sci Technol 39:191–198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-7351.2012.03.43
Mishra VK, Singh G, Passari AK, Yadav MK, Gupta VK, Singh BP (2016) Distribution and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi associated with ethnomedicinal plant Melastoma malabathricum L. J Environ Biol 37:229–237
Qin S, Li J, Chen HH, Zhao GZ, Zhu WY, Jiang CL, Xu LH, Li WJ (2009) Isolation, diversity, and antimicrobial activity of rare actinobacteria from medicinal plants of tropical rain forests in xishuangbanna. China Appl Environ Microb 75:6176–6186. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01034-09
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method, a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454
Sánchez-Ortiz BL, Sánchez-Fernández RE, Duarte G, Lappe-Oliveras P, Macías-Rubalcava ML (2016) Antifungal, anti-oomycete and phytotoxic effects of volatile organic compounds from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. strain PB3f3 isolated from Haematoxylon brasiletto. Appl Microbilol 120:1313–1325. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13101
Scherlach K, Hertweck C (2009) Triggering cryptic natural product biosynthesis in microorganisms. Org Biomol Chem 7:1753–1760. https://doi.org/10.1039/B821578B
Schulz B, Roemmert AK, Dammann U, Aust HJ, Strack D (1999) The endophyte-host interaction, a balanced antagonism. Mycol Res 103:1275–1283. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo701704x
Sessa L, Abreo E, Lupo S (2018) Diversity of fungal latent pathogens and true endophytes associated with fruit trees in Uruguay. J Phytopathol 166:633–647. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12726
Silva-Hughes AF, Wedge DE, Cantrell CL, Carvalho CR, Pan ZQ, Moraes RM, Madoxx VL, Rosa LH (2015) Diversity and antifungal activity of the endophytic fungi associated with the native medicinal cactus Opuntia humifusa (cactaceae) from the United States. Microbiol Res 175:67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2015.03.007
Specian V, Sarragiotto MH, Pamphile JA, Clemente E (2012) Chemical characterization of bioactive compounds from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe helianthi isolated from Luehea divaricata. Braz J Microbiol 43:1174–1182. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822012000300045
Sun X, Guo LD, Hyde KD (2011) Community composition of endophytic fungi in Acer truncatum and their role in decomposition. Fungal Divers 47:85–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0086-5
Taechowisan T, Peberdy JF, Lumyong S (2003) Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from selected plants and their antifungal activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 19:381–385. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023901107182
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5, molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121
Tang YM, Sun SJ, Zhai ZT, Ji F (2015) Isolation and identification of beneficial microbes from Cornus officinalis. China Brew 34:97–101. https://doi.org/10.11882/j.issn.0254-5071.2015.04.022
Visagie CM, Hirooka Y, Tanney JB, Whitfield E, Samson RA (2014) Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces isolated from house dust samples collected around the word. Stud Mycol 78:63–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.07.002
Wei JC (1979) Handbook for fungal identification. Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai
Weising K, Nybom H, Wolff K, Meyer W (1995) DNA finger-printing in plants and fungi. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7312-3_22
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Youn K, Jeong WS, Jun M (2013) β-Secretase (BACE1) inhibitory property of loganin isolated from Corni fructus. Nat Prod Res 27:1471–1474. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2012.718774
Yuan ZL, Zhang CL, Lin FC, Kubicek CP (2010) Identity, diversity, and molecular phylogeny of the endophytic mycobiota in the roots of rare wild rice (Oryza granulate) from a nature reserve in Yunnan. China Appl Environ Microbiol 76:1642–1652. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01911-09
Yuan Y, Feng HJ, Wang LF, Li ZF, Shi YQ, Zhao LH, Feng ZL, Zhu HQ (2017) Potential of endophytic fungi isolated from cotton roots for biological control against Verticillium wilt disease. PLoS One 12:e170557. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170557
Zhang QH, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhang L, Jiang DH, Chen WD, Li GQ (2014) Diversity and biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi in Brassica napus. Biol Control 72:98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.02.018
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province in China (Grant No. 182300410075 & 182300410012), the Key Research Rroject for Colleges and Universities of Henan Province in China (Grant No. 18A180013 & 18A210009), the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province in China (Grant No. 182102110467 & 182102110443).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, X., Hu, Z., Hou, D. et al. Biodiversity and antifungal potential of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Cornus officinalis. Symbiosis 81, 223–233 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00696-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00696-7