Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of AMF application on growth, productivity and susceptibility to Verticillium wilt of olives grown under desert conditions

Symbiosis volume 52, pages 103–111 (2010)Cite this article

Abstract

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on olive (Olea europaea) growth and development was followed for 4 years after transplanting in irrigated commercial orchards under arid conditions. Sites I and II were irrigated with saline water (EC = 4.5 dS/m). In site I, the soil was infested with Verticillium dahliae and olive varieties ‘Picual’ (Verticillium susceptible) and ‘Barnea’ (relatively Verticillium tolerant) were tested. In site II, the soil was virgin soil (previously non-cultivated soil) and olive varieties ‘Souri’ and ‘Barnea’ were tested. Plants for all sites were inoculated in the nursery with Glomus intraradices alone or in a mixture with G. mosseae. Relative to non-inoculated trees, AMF colonization enhanced vegetative growth, expressed as tree height and trunk circumference, at all sites. At first commercial harvest, AMF-treated trees had higher fruit and oil yields than non-mycorrhitic controls. Under saline water irrigation, differences between inoculated and non-inoculated treatments were reduced in the slow-growing ‘Souri’ but remained apparent in the modern fast-growing ‘Barnea’. AMF colonization did not appear to improve tolerance of either ‘Picual’ or ‘Barnea’ to V. dahliae, and both were more susceptible than the non-inoculated controls. Thus inoculation of olive plants with AMF improves transplant growth and adaptation in arid areas during the first 3 years of growth and until the first commercial harvesting season.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  • Alkan N, Gadkar V, Yarden O, Kapulnik Y (2006) Analysis of quantitative interactions between two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices by real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:4192–4199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baath E, Hayman DS (1983) Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza: interaction with Verticillum wilt on tomato plants. New Phytol 95:419–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco-López MA, Jiménes-Días RM (1995) Una propuesta de lucha integrada contra la verticilosis del olivo. Frutic Prof 70:52–58 (In Spanish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanco-López MA, Jiménes-Días RM, Caballero JM (1984) Symptomatology, incidence and distribution of Verticillium wilt of olive trees in Andalucia. Phytopathol Mediterr 23:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvente R, Cano C, Ferrol N, Azcón-Aguilar C, Barea JM (2004) Analysing natural diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in olive tree (Olea europaea L.) plantations and assessment of the effectiveness of native fungal isolates as inoculant for commercial cultivar of olive plantlets. Appl Soil Ecol 26:11–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caravaca F, Barea JM, Palenzuela J, Figueroa D, Alguail MM, Roldán A (2003a) Establishment of shrub species in a degraded semiarid site after inoculation with native or allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Appl Soil Ecol 2:103–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caravaca F, Diaz E, Barea JM, Azcón-Aguilar C, Roldán A (2003b) Photosynthetic and transpiration rates of Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris and Rhamnus lycioides as affected by water deficit and mycorrhiza. Biol Plant 4:637–639

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Citernesi AS, Vitagliano C, Giovannetti M (1998) Plant growth and root system morphology of Olea europaea L. Rooted cuttings as influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizas. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 73:647–654

    Google Scholar 

  • Dag A, Wininger S, Zipori I, Aharon M, Charceski B, Tsror L, Erlich O (2006) The effect of arabuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the development of olive rooted cuttings. Alon HaNotaea 60:181–184 (in Hebrew)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dag A, Tugendhaft Y, Yogev U, Shatzkin N (2008) Commercial cultivation of olive (Olea europea L.) with saline water under extreme desert conditions. In: Ozkaya et al (eds) Proc. Vth IS on olive growing. Acta Horticulturae 791:279–284

  • Dag A, Yermiyahu U, Ben-Gal A, Zipori I, Kapulnik Y (2009) Nursery and post-transplant field response of olive trees to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an arid region. Crop Pasture Sci 60:427–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis RM, Menge JA (1981) Phytophthora parasitica inoculation and intensity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in citrus. New Phytol 87:705–715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis RM, Menge JA, Erwin DC (1979) Influence of Glomus fasciculatus and soil phosphorus on Verticillium wilt of cotton. Phytopathology 69:453–456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dehne HW, Schonbeck F (1975) The influence of the endotrophic mycorrhiza on the fusarial wilt of tomato. Z Pflanzenkrankh Pflanzenschutz 82:630–632

    Google Scholar 

  • Dugassa GD, von Alten H, Schönbeck F (1996) Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on health of Linum usitatissimum L. infected by fungal pathogens. Plant Soil 185:173–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enkhtuya B, Rydlová J, Vosátka M (2000) Effectiveness of indigenous and non-indigenous isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils from degraded ecosystems and man-made habitats. Appl Soil Ecol 14:201–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estaún V, Camprubí A, Calvet C, Pinochet J (2003) Nursery and field response of olive trees inoculated with two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 128:767–775

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham JH, Menge JA (1982) Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil phosphorus on take-all disease of wheat. Phytopathology 72:95–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann H, Schnathorst WC, Whisler WC (1971) ‘Oblonga’, a clonal olive rootstock resistant to Verticillium wilts. Calif Agric 25:12–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Koltai H, Kapulnik Y (2010) Arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis under stress conditions: benefits and costs. In: Seckbach J (ed) Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology, Volume: Symbiosis and Stress, in press

  • Lavee S, Haskal A, Wodner M (1986) Cv. ‘Barnea’, a new olive cultivar from first breeding generation. Olea 17:95–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin AG, Lavee S, Tsror (Lahkim) L (2003a) Epidemiology of Verticillium dahliae on olive (cv. Picual) and its effect on yield under saline conditions. Plant Pathol 52:212–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin AG, Lavee S, Tsror (Lahkim) L (2003b) Epidemiology and effects of Verticillium wilt on yield in olive (cvs. Barnea and Souri) irrigated with saline water in Israel. Phytoparasitica 31:333–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin AG, Lavee S, Tsror (Lahkim) L (2007) The influence of salinity on Verticillium dahliae in stem cuttings of five olive cultivars. J Phytopathol 155:587–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marìn-Zamora M, Garcìa-Fèrriz L, Ghorbel R, Ybarra M, Marì A (2002) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation on micropropagated olive plants. Acta Hortic 586:907–910

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin MLS, Azcon R, Barea JM, Soriano AP, Goldaracena IM, Piedra AP (2006) Reduction of juvenile period of new olive plantations through the early application of mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Sci 171:52–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porras-Piedra A, Soriano-Martín ML, Fernández Isquierdo G, Soriano A (2005) Application of mycorrhizae in olive growing. Olivae 104:46–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Porras-Soriano A, Marcilla-Goldaracena I, Soriano-Martín ML, Porras-Piedra A (2006) Development and resistance to Verticillium dahliae of olive plantlets inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi during the nursery period. J Agric Sci 144:151–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porras-Soriano A, Sorano-Martín ML, Porras-Piedra A, Azcon P (2009) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased growth, nutrient uptake and tolerance to salinity in olive trees under nursery conditions. J Plant Physiol 166:1350–1359

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Porras-Soriano A, Meddad-Hamzal A, Beddiar A, Gollotte A, Lemoine MC, Kuszala C, Gianinazzi S (2010) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth of olive trees and their resistance to transplantation stress. Afr J Biotechnol 9:1159–1167

    Google Scholar 

  • Purin S, Rillig MC (2008) Parasitism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: reviewing the evidence. FEMS Microbiol Lett 279:8–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schönbeck F, Dehne HW (1977) Damage to mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal cotton seedlings by Thielaviopsis basicola. Plant Dis Rep 61:266–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüssler A, Gehrig H, Schwarzott D, Walker C (2001) Analysis of partial Glomales SSU rRNA genes: implications for primer design and phylogeny. Mycol Res 105:5–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SE, Read DJ (1997) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Soriano-Martín ML, Azcon R, Barea JM, Porras-Soriano A, Marcilla-Goldaracena I, Porras-Piera A (2006) Reduction of the juvenile period of new olive plantations through the early application of mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Sci 171:52–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart EL, Pfleger FL (1977) Development of poinsettia as influenced by endomycorrhizae, fertilizer and root rot pathogens Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. Flor Rev 159:78–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjamos EC (1993) Prospects and strategies in controlling Verticillium wilt of olive. Bull OEPP/EPPO Bull 23:505–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjamos EC, Biris DA, Paplomatas EJ (1991) Recovery of olive trees with Verticillium wilt after individual application of soil solarization in established olive orchards. Plant Dis 75:557–562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsror (Lahkim) L (2010) Epidemiology and control of Verticillium wilt on olive. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, special issue on olive (in press)

  • Tsror (Lahkim) L, Erlich O, Amitai S, Hazanovsky M (1998) Verticillium Wilt of paprika caused by a highly virulent isolate of Verticillium dahliae. Plant Dis 82:437–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the growers—Yzhar Tugendhaft, Nili Bar On and Nimrod Priel from Bar BaNegev olive farm and Nizan Shatzkin and Benni Swissa from Nizanei Paamonit olive farm, for their contribution to this study. We would also like to thank Rahan Meristem (1998) Ltd. for providing the olive plantlets.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Yoram Kapulnik & Smadar Wininger

  2. Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P. Negev, 85280, Israel

    Leah Tsror (Lahkim), Issac Zipori, Marina Hazanovsky & Arnon Dag

Authors
  1. Yoram Kapulnik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Leah Tsror (Lahkim)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Issac Zipori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marina Hazanovsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Smadar Wininger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Arnon Dag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoram Kapulnik.

Additional information

The paper is part of the special issue ‘The Potential of exploiting Mycorrhizal associations in semi arid regions’.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Site I

Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with G. intraradices (Gi) or a mixture of G. intraradices and G. mosseae (Gi+Gm) on [S-1] Picual and [S-2] Barnea growth (height) and [S-3] Picual and [S-4] Barnea growth (trunk circumference), Exp. I, Revivim. Values are means of 5 replicates, subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and separated at each date of sampling (different letters) by Student multiple range test (P = 0.05). (DOC 54 kb)

Site II

Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with G. intraradices (Gi) or a mixture of G. intraradices and G. mosseae (Gi+Gm) in comparison to non-inoculated controls with fertilization in the month after transplanting (non-inoc.+F) or without (non-inoc.-F) on [S-5] Souri and [S-6] Barnea growth (height) and [S-7] Souri and [S-8] Barnea growth (trunk circumference), Exp. II, Be’er Hail. Values are means of 4 replicates, subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and separated at each date of sampling (different letters) by Student multiple range test (P = 0.05). (DOC 69 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kapulnik, Y., Tsror (Lahkim), L., Zipori, I. et al. Effect of AMF application on growth, productivity and susceptibility to Verticillium wilt of olives grown under desert conditions. Symbiosis 52, 103–111 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-010-0085-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-010-0085-z

Keywords

search

Navigation