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An enhanced control strategy for photovoltaic system control based on sliding mode-PI regulator

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Abstract

This article presents a modeling study and a control approach of photovoltaic system to provide continuous electrical energy at its output and feds a DC–DC booster converter. The last mentioned converter also provides a variable DC voltage applied directly across the terminals of a resistive load. In order to ensure a high static performance control for the different characteristics of the photovoltaic system. This study deals with three control strategies for the DC–DC boost converter; the first one is based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Secondly, the authors move to the control technique based on proportional-integral (PI) regulator. At the end, a combination between the sliding mode strategies with the PI regulator is presented and discussed. The main purpose of these strategies is to obtain the best characteristics of the photovoltaic system so that it operates around the maximum power point with less oscillation, overtaking as well as a high stability for the different PV’s system characteristics when the solar irradiance changes. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in controlling the Photovoltaic system under different conditions in comparison to other strategies.The PV system is associated to the DC–DC boost converter where it is subjected to a variable irradiance between [200 and 1000] \(\text{w}\ /\text{m}^2\) and a constant temperature equal to 250 C, The DC voltage \(V_{dc}\) characteristics and the currents \(I_{dc}\) are obtained with a sampling time \(T_{e} = 0.1\) s and a simulation time \(T_{s} = 0.5\) s. The hybrid \(P \& O-MPPT\) \(SMC-PI\) control technique gives better results than the two other strategies in terms of stability.

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Abbreviations

PV :

Solar panel

DC–DC:

Direct current-direct current

P&O :

Disturbance and observation

MPPT :

Maximum power point tracking

MLI :

Pulse width modulation

PI :

Proportional integral controller

DSPWM :

Digital signal pulse width modulation

PID :

Proportional integral derivative

\(PID-fuzzy\) :

Proportional integral derivative- fuzzy

\((T-S)fuzzy\) :

Takagi–Sugeno-fuzzy

LMI :

Linear matrix inequalities

PSO :

Particle swarm optimization

GA :

Genetic algorithm

PMS :

Power management strategy

HEES :

Hybrid electrical energy storage

\(APO-MPPT\) :

Advanced Perturb & Observation-MPPT

CC :

Continuous–continuous

DC :

Direct current

\(VO-MPPT\) :

Voltage-oriented MPPT

AIDSM :

Adaptive integral derivative sliding mode

RL :

Deep reinforcement

BSMC :

Backstepping sliding mode control

\(PI-FOI\) :

Proportional integral fractional order integral

\(MPPT-PI\) :

Maximum power point tracking-Proportional integral

\((SMC-PI)\) :

Sliding mode control-Proportional integral

DMPPT :

Parallel distributed maximum power point tracking

\(V_{pv}\) :

Voltage at the output of the photovoltaic panel (V)

\(i_{pv}\) :

Current at the output of the photovoltaic panel (A)

V :

Lyapunov

\(u_{eq}\) :

Equivalent command signal

D :

Diode

\(P_{pv}\) :

PV power (W)

\(S_W\) :

MOSFET switche

\(N_p\) :

Parallels modules

\(I_{sat}\) :

Solar cell saturation of dark current (A)

\(R_{se}\) :

Series resistance (\(\Omega\))

\(R_{pe}\) :

Parallel resistance (\(\Omega\))

\(N_s\) :

Series modules

\(I_{0r}\) :

Reverse saturation current

T :

Actual temperature

\(T_0\) :

Cell’s reference temperature (°C)

q :

Electron charge (C)

\(E_G\) :

Tape space \(({\text w}/{\text m}^2)\)

K :

Boltzman’s constant (J/K)

a :

Ideality factor

\(K_i\) :

Temperature coefficient

\(I_{cc}\) :

Short circuit current

\(G,G_r\) :

Solar and reference radiation \(({\text w}/{\text m}^2)\)

\(I_{ph}\) :

Photocurrent (A)

L :

Inductor (H)

\(C_{in}\) :

Capacitor at boost input \((\upmu {\text F})\)

u :

Switch control signal

\(K_P\) :

Proportional gain

\(K_I\) :

Integral gain

\(V_{mpp}\) :

Maximum point voltage

\(i_{lref}\) :

Reference current

S :

Sliding surface

\(V_{dc}\) :

DC bus voltage (V)

\(I_{dc}\) :

Output current (A)

R :

Load resistance (\(\Omega\))

\(C_{out}\) :

Boost output capacitor \((\upmu {\text F})\)

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This research received no specific grant from any funding agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut des Sciences et des Techniques Appliquées, Constantine, Algeria

    Adel Bouchahed, Abdelfettah Boussaid & Fatah Mekhloufi

  2. Laboratoire d’électrotechnique de Constantine, Constantine , Algeria

    Abdelfettah Boussaid

  3. Université Constantine 1, Frères Mentouri, 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Adel Bouchahed, Abdelfettah Boussaid, Fatah Mekhloufi & Ahmed Belhani

  4. Laboratoire satellites intelligence artificielle cryptographie et internet des objets, Constantine, Algeria

    Adel Bouchahed, Fatah Mekhloufi & Ahmed Belhani

  5. Laboratoire des systèmes électromécanique, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba 1, 23000, Annaba, Algeria

    Ali Belhamra

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  1. Adel Bouchahed
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  2. Abdelfettah Boussaid
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  3. Fatah Mekhloufi
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Correspondence to Abdelfettah Boussaid.

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Bouchahed, A., Boussaid, A., Mekhloufi, F. et al. An enhanced control strategy for photovoltaic system control based on sliding mode-PI regulator. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-024-02362-3

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