Physicochemical quality and sensory acceptance of toasts with partial replacement of wheat flour by maize biomass flour

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess physicochemical and sensory viability of toasts developed from the partial replacement of wheat flour (WF) by maize biomass flour (MBF). Different levels of MBF (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g 100 g⁻¹) were used. Data obtained were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. The level of replacement of WF by MBF influenced all physicochemical properties of the toast. Moisture (5.67–7.12 g 100 g⁻¹), hardness (56.67–131.66 N), chroma of crust and crumb (29.86–30.27 and 19.76–25.83, respectively), and hue angle of crust and crumb (60.32°–64.79° and 81.41°–82.06°, respectively) were increased; and area (2286.4–1658.1 mm²), specific volume (3.47–1.83 mL g⁻¹) and luminosity of crust and crumb (62.39–59.67 and 65.49–62.54, respectively) were decreased as the level of substitution of WF by MBF increased. The toasts did not present microbiological risk. The formulations with higher sensory acceptance were 5 and 15 g 100 g⁻¹ of MBF, being considered rich in proteins (16.25 and 15.43 g 100 g⁻¹, respectively) and rich in dietary fibers (12.10 and 16.02 g 100 g⁻¹, respectively), therefore with high nutritional and functional values. The production of toasts with partial replacement of WF by MBF is feasible in relation to physicochemical and sensory characteristics, which it may stimulate exploitation of this by-product and sustainable production of baked goods.