Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Cashew nut and cashew apple: a scientific and technological monitoring worldwide review

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Food Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The cashew tree or Anacardium occidentale, a tropical tree native from Brazil, was introduced to Asia and Africa by European explorers in the sixteenth century. The world production of cashew nuts reached 4.89 million tons in 2016, with Vietnam being the largest producer of nuts. The cashew market is expected to remain strong due to high production growth in some areas, such as West Africa. Cashew production is potentially an important value for small farmers in emerging countries and there is an immense potential for cashew by-product exploitation that can add value to cashew agribusiness. The present work carries out a technological prospection in databases of patents and scientific papers mapping the applications of cashew nuts and cashew apple. It was possible to identify 2376 patent applications and 586 scientific publications on cashew nuts and cashew apple together. After the analysis of patents and scientific papers, it was possible to note that the cashew tree is a tree of multiple uses that can contribute in several industry sectors. Thus, the present study mapped the potentiality of applications of the various parts of the cashew, which allows adding value to the cashew agribusiness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Source: Adapted from web of science and Derwent, 2018

Fig. 2

Source: Adapted from web of science and Derwent, 2018

Fig. 3

Source: Adapted from web of science and Derwent, 2018

Fig. 4

Source: Elaboration based on web of science

Fig. 5

Source: Adapted from web of science and Derwent, 2018

Fig. 6

Source: Adapted from web of science and Derwent, 2018

Fig. 7

Source: Adapted from web of science and Derwent, 2018

Fig. 8

Source: Elaboration based on web of science

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  • Abdul SM, Peter KV (2010) Cashew, a monograph. Studium Press (India) Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinhanmi TF, Atasie VN, Akintokun P (2008) Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) oil and cashew nut shell liquid. J Agric Food Environ Sci 2(1):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinwale TO (2000) Cashew apple juice: its use in fortifying the nutritional quality of some tropical fruits. Eur Food Res Technol 211(3):205–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aremu MO et al (2006) Compositional studies and physicochemical characteristics of cashew nut (Anarcadium occidentale) flour. Pak J Nutr 5(4):328–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aremu MO, Ogunlade I, Olonisakin A (2007) Fatty acid and amino acid composition of protein concentrate from cashew nut (Anarcadium occidentale) grownin Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Pak J Nutr 6(5):419–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arumugam A, Ponnusami V (2015) Ethanol production from cashew apple juice using immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae cells on silica gel matrix synthesized from sugarcane leaf ash. Chem Eng Commun 202:709–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Assunção RB, Mercadante AZ (2003) Carotenoids and ascorbic acid from cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.): variety and geographic effects. Food Chem 81(4):495–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azam-Ali SH, Judge EC (2001) Small-scale cashew nut processing. Food and Agriculture organization—FAO, Rugby. http://www.anacardium.info/IMG/pdf/Small-scale_Cashew_Nut_Processing_-_FAO_2001.pdf. Accessed 04 Apr 2019

  • Barros EM et al (2014) A yeast isolated from cashew apple juice and its ability to produce first- and second-generation ethanol. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 174:2762–2776

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brito ES et al (2007) Determination of the flavonoid components of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale) by LC-DAD-ESI/MS. Food Chem 105(3):1112–1118

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brizicky GK (1962) The genera of Anacardiaceae in the Southeastern United States. J Arnold Arbor 43:359–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carestiato T, Aguila MB, Mothé CG (2009) The effects of cashew gum as anti-hypertensive agent. J Therm Anal Calorim 97(2):717–720

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conab (2018) Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento https://www.conab.gov.br Accessed 01 Nov 2018

  • Deenanath ED, Iyuke S, Rumbold K (2012) The bioethanol industry in Sub-Saharan Africa: history, challenges, and prospects. J Biomed Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/416491

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dendena B, Corsi S (2014) Cashew, from seed to market: a review. Agron Sustain Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0240-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Embrapa (1993) Cajueiro-anão-precoce. Boletim informativo, Fortaleza

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2018) The Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations http://www.fao.org/statistics/en. Accessed 01 Nov 2018

  • Fitzpatrick J (2011) Cashew nut processing equipment study summary. http://www.africancashewalliance.com/sites/default/files/documents/equipment_study_ab_pdf_final_13_9_2011.pdf. Accessed 01 Nov 2018

  • Freire FCO et al (2002) Diseases of cashew nut plants (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Brazil. Crop Prot 21:489–494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann-Ribani R, Huber LS, Rodriguez-Amaya DB (2009) Flavonols in fresh and processed Brazilian fruits. J Food Compos Anal 22(4):263–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Honorato TL, Rabelo MC, Gonçalves LRB, Pinto GAS, Rodrigues S (2007) Fermentation of cashew apple juice to produce high added value products. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23(10):1409–1415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu FB, Manson JE, Willett WC (2001) Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr 20:5–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2001.10719008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • IBGE (2018) Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e estatística. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e estatístics. https://www.ibge.gov.br/. Accessed 01 Nov 2018

  • Khandetod YP, Mohod AG, Shrirame HY (2016) Bioethanol production from fermented cashew apple juice by solar concentrator. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on recent advances in bioenergy research

  • Khosla PK, Sareen TS, Mehra PN (1973) Cytological studies on Himalayan Anacardiaceae. Nucleous 4:205–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim TK (2012) Anacardium occidentale. In: Lim TK (ed) Edible medicinal and nonmedicinal plants. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 45–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzi A (2004) Árvores brasileiras: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brazil, 4th ed. Instituto Plantarum, Nova Odessa, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, p 368

    Google Scholar 

  • Macleod AJ, Troconis NG (1982) Volatile flavour components of cashew ‘apple’ (Anacardium occidentale). Phytochemistry 21(10):2527–2530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mdic (2018) www.mdic.gov.br/comercio-exterior/estatisticas-de-comercio-exterior/comex-vis. Ministério da Indústria, Comercio Exterior e Serviços. Accessed 22 Aug 2018

  • Medina JC, Bleinroth EW, Bernhardt LWEA (1978) Caju – da cultura ao processamento e comercialização. Instituto de tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas

    Google Scholar 

  • Melo JRT (2002) Fruticultura - Caju oferece emprego e renda nas longas estiagens. Revista Gleba - Informativo técnico

  • Michodjehoun-Mestres L et al (2009) Monomeric phenols of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.). Food Chem 112(4):851–857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell JD, Mori SA (1987) The cashew and its relatives (Anacardium: Anacardiaceae). Mem N Y Bot Gard 42:1–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreira PAA (2002) O cajueiro – vida, uso e estórias. Editora Cristina Barbosa, Fortaleza

    Google Scholar 

  • Mothé CG, Correia DZ, Silva TC (2006) Potencialidades do cajueiro. Publit, Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  • Mothé CG, de Freitas JS (2018) Lifetime prediction and kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of cashew gum by thermal analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim 131(1):397–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mothé CG, Oliveira NN, de Freitas JS, Mothe M (2017) Cashew Tree Gum: A Scientific and Technological Review. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 2(2):681–688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nair KP (2010) The agronomy and economy of important tree crops of the developing world. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Paiva FFA, Garrutti DS, Neto RMS (2000) Aproveitamento industrial do caju, vol 38. Embrapa-CNPAT/SEBRAE/CE, Fortaleza

    Google Scholar 

  • Patil PJ (2017) Indian cashew food. Integr Food Nutr Metab 4(2):1–5. https://doi.org/10.15761/IFNM.1000173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel CRM, Pessoa PFADP, Leite LADS (1998) Economia do caju. In: da Silva VV (ed) Caju. Cap 9, 2nd edn. Embrapa, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, pp 214–220

  • Pinheiro ADT et al (2008) Evaluation of cashew apple juice for the production of fuel ethanol. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 148:227–234

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rani TJPKVSRG, Dodoala S (2017) Evaluation of antiobesity activity of ethanolic extract of cashew apple against high fat diet induced obesity in rodents. FASEB J 31(1 supplement):565

    Google Scholar 

  • Shenoy D et al (2011) A study on bioethanol production from cashew apple pulp and coffee pulp waste. Biomass Bioenergy 35:4107–4111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silveira MS, Fontes CP, Guilherme AA, Fernandes FA, Rodrigues S (2012) Cashew apple juice as substrate for lactic acid production. Food Bioprocess Technol 5(3):947–953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-010-0382-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Talasila U, Vechalapu RR (2015) Optimization of medium constituents for the production of bioethanol from cashew apple juice using Doehlert experimental design. Int J Fruit Sci 15:161–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tassara H (1996) Frutas no Brasil. Editora Empresa das Artes, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos MS et al (2015) Anti-inflammatory and wound healing potential of cashew apple juice (Anacardium occidentale L.) in mice. Exp Biol Med 240(12):1648–1655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatachalam M, Sathe SK (2006) Chemical composition of selected ediblenutseeds. J Agric Food Chem 54:4705–4714. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0606959

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Studies (CAPES) for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic Processes, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Nathalia Nogueira Oliveira, Cheila Gonçalves Mothé & Michelle Gonçalves Mothé

  2. Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Leandra Guimarães de Oliveira

Authors
  1. Nathalia Nogueira Oliveira
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cheila Gonçalves Mothé
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michelle Gonçalves Mothé
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Leandra Guimarães de Oliveira
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nathalia Nogueira Oliveira.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Oliveira, N.N., Mothé, C.G., Mothé, M.G. et al. Cashew nut and cashew apple: a scientific and technological monitoring worldwide review. J Food Sci Technol 57, 12–21 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04051-7

Download citation

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04051-7

Keywords