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Production of innovative gluten-free breakfast cereals based on red and black rice by extrusion processing technology

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Abstract

The transformation of black and red, broken or not, whole rice grains, into breakfast cereals is an interesting way to add value to these snacks for some reasons. Firstly, broken kernels hardly achieve a high market value; whole rice is healthy not only for their nutrient contents but also for their phytochemical profile, rich in phenolic compounds; breakfast cereals from pigmented rice are colored by themselves, and any additional colorant is unneeded; finally, rice is naturally gluten-free and suitable for those with conditions like celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. The objective of this study was to optimize some extrusion parameters that account for the physicochemical properties of extrudates by using response surface methodology. Feed moisture between 15 and 21% and the 4th barrel zone temperature between 110 and 160 °C were the independent variables. Specific features such as color, texture, water solubility and absorption, cold viscosity, expansion, specific volume, and compression force were evaluated. The trials have shown that moisture had a higher impact on the extrusion process than temperature. Less expanded, denser, harder, and darker products were obtained at higher moisture levels. The optimum points were defined at 15.5% and 16.0% of feed moisture and 159 °C and 150 °C of temperature for black and red rice extrudates, respectively. These conditions resulted in cereal breakfast balls with optimal water solubility, volume, texture, and good color. Additionally, cold viscosities and a low compression led to products with a potential high approval by consumers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, 154614/2013-0) and the Santa Catarina Research Foundation (FAPESC, 177777/2013-0). Additionally, the authors would like to thank Dr. José A. Noldin from the Experimental Station of Itajaí for the supply of the rice samples, as well as Ms. Rosa M. C. Barros for her technical assistance.

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Author notes

  1. Silvia Leticia Rivero Meza and Patricia Sinnecker have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bl 14, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil

    Silvia Leticia Rivero Meza, Isabel Louro Massaretto & Ursula Maria Lanfer Marquez

  2. Food Research Center (FoRC), Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation (CEPID-FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil

    Silvia Leticia Rivero Meza & Isabel Louro Massaretto

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sector of Pharmaceutical and Food Inputs, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil

    Patricia Sinnecker

  4. Institute of Technology and Science, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil

    Marcio Schmiele

  5. Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Yoon Kil Chang

Authors
  1. Silvia Leticia Rivero Meza
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  2. Patricia Sinnecker
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  3. Marcio Schmiele
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  4. Isabel Louro Massaretto
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  5. Yoon Kil Chang
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  6. Ursula Maria Lanfer Marquez
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Correspondence to Silvia Leticia Rivero Meza.

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Meza, S.L.R., Sinnecker, P., Schmiele, M. et al. Production of innovative gluten-free breakfast cereals based on red and black rice by extrusion processing technology. J Food Sci Technol 56, 4855–4866 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03951-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03951-y

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