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Impact of phytic acid on nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of dehusked rice

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Abstract

Whole grains consumption promotes health benefits, but demonstrates controversial impacts from phytic acid in meeting requirements of good health. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of rice cultivars named “Adan” or “Bario” and deduce the nutritional impact of phytic acid. Majority of the dehusked rice in the collection showed an acceptable level of in-vitro starch digestibility and in-vitro protein digestibility, but were poor in antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility of minerals (Ca, Fe and Zn). The drawbacks identified in the rice cultivars were due to relatively high phytic acid content (2420.6 ± 94.6 mg/100 g) and low phenolic content (152.39 ± 18.84 μg GAE/g). The relationship between phytic acid content and mineral bioaccessibility was strongest in calcium (r = 0.60), followed by iron (r = 0.40) and zinc (r = 0.27). Phytic acid content did not significantly correlate with in-vitro starch digestibility and in-vitro protein digestibility but showed a weak relationship with antioxidant properties. These suggest that phytic acid could significantly impair the mineral bioaccessibility of dehusked rice, and also act as an important antioxidant in non-pigmented rice. Bario rice cultivars offered dehusked rice with wide range of in-vitro digestibility of starch and protein, and also pigmented rice as a good source of antioxidants. However, there is a need to reduce phytic acid content in dehusked rice for improved mineral bioaccessibility among Bario rice cultivars.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the research funding provided by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia (FRGS 01-01-13-1246FR), financial support from the National Paddy and Rice Board, Malaysia (64279) and generous assistance from the Sarawak Department of Agriculture. Lee HH also wishes to thank the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Malaysia on the National Science Fellowship provided. We thank Dr. Rajan Amartalingam and ScienceDocs. Inc for the English revision and editorial services.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, P.O. Box 396, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

    H. H. Lee, C. F. J. Bong, S. R. Sarbini & P. H. Yiu

  2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    S. P. Loh

  3. Centre of Excellence in Borneo Ecosystem Science Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, P.O. Box 396, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia

    P. H. Yiu

  4. Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    S. P. Loh

Authors
  1. H. H. Lee
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  2. S. P. Loh
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  3. C. F. J. Bong
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  4. S. R. Sarbini
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  5. P. H. Yiu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. H. Yiu.

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Research highlights

1. High level of InsP6 in dehusked rice impaired Ca, Fe and Zn bioaccessibility.

2. InsP6 showed the strongest relationship with calcium bioaccessibility.

3. InsP6 content contributed to antioxidant properties of non-pigmented rice.

4. Phenolic compounds in dehusked rice exhibit wider antioxidant properties than InsP6.

5. Breakdown of InsP6 is needed for efficient mineral absorption from Bario rice.

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Lee, H.H., Loh, S.P., Bong, C.F.J. et al. Impact of phytic acid on nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of dehusked rice. J Food Sci Technol 52, 7806–7816 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1918-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1918-9

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