Skip to main content
Log in

Pluralistic physicalism and the causal exclusion argument

  • Original paper in Metaphysics of Science
  • Published:
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There is a growing consensus among philosophers of science that scientific endeavors of understanding the human mind or the brain exhibit explanatory pluralism. Relatedly, several philosophers have in recent years defended an interventionist approach to causation that leads to a kind of causal pluralism. In this paper, I explore the consequences of these recent developments in philosophy of science for some of the central debates in philosophy of mind. First, I argue that if we adopt explanatory pluralism and the interventionist approach to causation, our understanding of physicalism has to change, and this leads to what I call pluralistic physicalism. Secondly, I show that this pluralistic physicalism is not endangered by the causal exclusion argument.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baumgartner, M. (2010). Interventionism and epiphenomenalism. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 40, 359–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechtel, W. (2008). Mental mechanisms. Philosophical perspectives on cognitive neuroscience. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bechtel, W., & Mundale, J. (1999). Multiple realizability revisited. Philosophy of Science, 66, 175–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bechtel, W., & Richardson, R. C. (1993). Discovering complexity: Decomposition and localization as strategies in scientific research. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, K. (2003). Why the exclusion problem seems intractable, and how, just maybe, to tract it. Noûs, 37, 471–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bickle, J. (1998). Psychoneural reduction: The new wave. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bickle, J. (2003). Philosophy and neuroscience: A ruthlessly reductive account. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Block, N. (2003). Do causal powers drain away? Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 67, 133–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brigandt, I. (2010). Beyond reduction and pluralism. Erkenntnis, 73, 295–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calcott, B. (2010). Wimsatt and the Robustness Family: review of Wimsatt’s Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings. Biology and Philosophy, 26, 281–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, N. (1999). The dappled world: A study of the boundaries of science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craver, C. F. (2007). Explaining the brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dennett, D. C. (1991). Real patterns. The Journal of Philosophy, 88, 27–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eronen, M. I. (2010-2011). Replacing functional reduction with mechanistic explanation. Philosophia Naturalis, 47–48, 125–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hacking, I. (1983). Representing and intervening. Introductory topics in the philosophy of natural science. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hausman, D. M., & Woodward, J. (1999). Independence, invariance and the Causal Markov Condition. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 50, 521–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hempel, C. G., & Oppenheim, P. (1948). Studies in the logic of explanation. Philosophy of Science, 15, 135–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, F. (1998). From metaphysics to ethics: A defense of conceptual analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J. (1998). Mind in a physical world. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J. (2002). Mental causation and consciousness: The two mind-body problems for the physicalist. In C. Gillett & B. Loewer (Eds.), Physicalism and its discontents (pp. 271–283). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J. (2005). Physicalism, or something near enough. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladyman, J., & Ross, D. (2007). Every thing must go: Metaphysics naturalized. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Levins, R. (1966). The strategy of model building in population biology. American Scientist, 54, 421–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewer, B. (2007). Mental causation, or something near enough. In B. P. McLaughlin & J. Cohen (Eds.), Contemporary debates in philosophy of mind (pp. 243–264). Malden: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Looren de Jong, H. (2002). Levels of explanation in biological psychology. Philosophical Psychology, 15, 441–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Machamer, P. K., Darden, L., & Craver, C. (2000). Thinking about mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, 67, 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCauley, R. N., & Bechtel, W. (2001). Explanatory pluralism and heuristic identity theory. Theory & Psychology, 11, 736–760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menzies, P. (2008). The exclusion problem, the determination relation, and contrastive causation. In J. Hohwy & J. Kallestrup (Eds.), Being reduced (pp. 196–217). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Menzies, P., & Price, H. (1993). Causation as a secondary quality. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 44, 187–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, S. D. (2003). Biological complexity and integrative pluralism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, J. D. (2007). Causation as folk science. In H. Price & R. Corry (Eds.), Causation, physics, and the constitution of reality. Russell’s republic revisited (pp. 11–44). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearl, J. (2000). Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polger, T. W. (2004). Natural minds. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polger, T. W. (2007). Realization and the metaphysics of mind. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 85, 233–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, H. (1967). Psychological predicates. In W. H. Capitan & D. D. Merrill (Eds.), Art, mind, and religion (pp. 37–48). Pittsburg: Pittsburg University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raatikainen, P. (2010). Causation, exclusion, and the special sciences. Erkenntnis, 73, 349–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, B. (1912-1913). On the notion of cause. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 13, 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, L. A. (2000). Multiple realizations. The Journal of Philosophy, 97, 635–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, L. A. (2004). The mind incarnate. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (1993). Causation, prediction, and search. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • van Gulick, R. (1992). Three bad arguments for intentional property epiphenomenalism. Erkenntnis, 36, 311–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, S., & Eronen, M. I. (2011). Reductionism, multiple realizability, and levels of reality. In S. French & J. Saatsi (Eds.), Continuum companion to the philosophy of science (pp. 138–156). London: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisberg, M. (2006). Robustness analysis. Philosophy of Science, 73, 730–742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wimsatt, W. C. (1976). Reductionism, levels of organization, and the mind-body problem. In Globus et al. (Eds.), Consciousness and the brain. A scientific and philosophical inquiry (pp. 205–267). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimsatt, W. C. (1981). Robustness, reliability, and overdetermination. In M. Brewer & B. Collins (Eds.), Scientific inquiry and the social sciences (pp. 124–163). San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass. Revised reprint in Wimsatt (2007), 43–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimsatt, W. C. (2007). Re-Engineering philosophy for limited beings. Piecewise approximations to reality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J. (2003). Making things happen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J. (2008). Mental causation and neural mechanisms. In J. Hohwy & J. Kallestrup (Eds.), Being reduced (pp. 218–262). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J. (2010). Causation in biology: stability, specificity, and the choice of levels of explanation. Biology and Philosophy, 25, 287–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, J., & Hitchcock, C. (2003). Explanatory generalizations, Part I: a counterfactual account. Noûs, 37, 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I thank Vera Hoffmann-Kolss, Dan Brooks and Laura Bringmann for very helpful discussions and feedback on earlier drafts of this paper. I also thank the three anonymous referees of this journal, whose comments helped significantly improve the article. Finally, I am grateful to the Finnish Cultural Foundation for supporting this work financially.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Markus I. Eronen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Eronen, M.I. Pluralistic physicalism and the causal exclusion argument. Euro Jnl Phil Sci 2, 219–232 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-011-0041-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-011-0041-7

Keywords

Navigation