Abstract
This paper seeks to demonstrate the importance of bringing sexuality more to the fore in scholarly work on the transition to adulthood. Sexuality not only brings needed attention to the commonplace sexual minorities that are largely overlooked in existing literature, connection with queer theory’s elemental insights stands to enrich the very frameworks through which transitions to adulthood are articulated. To that end, this paper provides a preliminary sketch of a “queer” vision of “emerging adulthood” and begins to elaborate the potential benefits of its deployment in scholarly treatments of transitions to adulthood. Inasmuch as a queered emerging adulthood lays a base for understanding additional forms of identity instability and perspectives on adulthood, it perhaps also indicates that scholarship on transitions to adulthood can profit by continuing to look to other theoretical perspectives that might shed added light on the shifting and manifold contours of (transitioning to) adulthood in the twenty-first century.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Although “emerging” and “young” adulthood have come to possess somewhat divergent meanings, I take an ambivalent stance and utilize these terms relatively interchangeably by instead focusing upon how these concepts have jointly inspired, influenced, and anchored inquiry into departures from more segmented transitions between traditional notions of adolescence and adulthood.
See also Shanahan et al. (2005).
Estimates of the ages where “emerging adulthood” is experienced range from roughly 18–25 to 18–30.
References
Acker, J. (2006). Inequality regimes: Gender, class, and race in organizations. Gender & Society, 20, 441–464.
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.
Arnett, J. J. (2003). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood among emerging adults in american ethnic groups. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 100, 63–75.
Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens to early twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.
Arnett, J. J., & Tanner, J. L. (Eds.). (2006). Emerging adults in america: Coming of age in the 21st century. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Berlant, L., & Warner, M. (1998). Sex in public. Critical Inquiry, 24, 547–566.
Bogle, K. (2008). Hooking up: Sex, dating, and relationships on campus. New York: New York University Press.
Boxer, A., Cooke, J., & Herdt, G. (1991). Double jeopardy: Identity transitions and parent-child relationships among gay and lesbian youth. In K. Pillemer & K. McCartnet (Eds.), Parent child relations throughout life (pp. 59–92). Philadelphia: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Brekhus, W. (2003). Peacocks, chameleons, centaurs: Gay suburbia and the grammar of social identity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. New York: Routledge.
Carr, P. J., & Kefalas, M. J. (2009). Hollowing out the middle: The rural brain drain and what it means for America. Boston: Beacon.
Carrington, C. (1999). No place like home: Relationships and family life among lesbians and gay men. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Carrington, C. (2007). Circuit culture: Ethnographic reflections on inequality, sexuality, and life on the gay party circuit. In N. Teunis & G. Herdt (Eds.), Sexual inequalities and social justice (pp. 123–147). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Chung, B., & Katayama, M. (1996). Assessment of sexual orientation in lesbian/gay/bisexual studies. Journal of Homosexuality, 30, 49–62.
Chung, H. L., Little, M., & Steinberg, L. (2005). The transition to adulthood for adolescents in the juvenile justice system: A developmental perspective. In W. Osgood, M. Foster, C. Flanagan, & G. Ruth (Eds.), On your own without a net (pp. 68–91). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Cochran, B., Stewart, A. J., Ginzler, J. A., & Cauce, A. M. (2002). Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: Comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 773–777.
Collins, A. W., & van Dulmen, M. (2006). Friendships and romance in emerging adulthood: assessing distinctiveness in close relationships. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in america: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 219–234). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Berkley: University of California Press.
Courtney, M., & Heuring, D. (2005). The transition to adulthood for youth ‘aging out’ of the foster care system. In W. Osgood, M. Foster, C. Flanagan, & G. Ruth (Eds.), On your own without a net (pp. 27–67). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
D’Emilio, J. (1983). Sexual politics, sexual communities: The making of a homosexual minority in the united states, 1940–1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Danziger, S. R., & Rouse, C. E. (Eds.). (2007). The price of independence: The economics of early adulthood. New York: Sage.
Dean, T. (2008). Breeding culture, barebacking, bugchasing, giftgiving. The Massachusetts Review, 49, 80–94.
Derrida, J. (1976). Of grammatology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Easterbrook, A. (2009). Rethinking families over the life course development perspective: Including the lives of same-sex families. Sociology Compass, 3, 1000–1016.
Epstein, S. (2002). A queer encounter: sociology and the study of sexuality. In A. Stein & C. Williams (Eds.), Sexuality and gender (pp. 44–59). Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
Eves, A. (2004). Queer theory, butch/femme identities and lesbian space. Sexualities, 7, 480–496.
Fan, P. L., & Marini, M. (2000). Influences on gender role attitudes during the transition to adulthood. Social Science Research, 29, 258–283.
Fields, J. (2008). Risky lessons: Sex education and social inequality. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Foster, M. E., & Gifford, E. J. (2005). The transition to adulthood for youth leaving public systems: Challenges to policies and research. In R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., & R. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 501–533). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality. New York: Vintage.
Fraser, N. (1992). Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy. In C. Calhoun (Ed.), Habermas and the public sphere: Studies in contemporary german social thought (pp. 109–142). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Fussell, E., & Gauthier, A. H. (2005). American women’s transition to adulthood in comparative perspective. In R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., & R. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 76–109). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gamson, J., & Moon, D. (2004). The sociology of sexualities: Queer and Beyond. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 47–64.
Garber, M. (1995). Vice versa: Bisexuality and the eroticism of everyday life. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Gray, M. L. (2009). Out in the country: Youth, media, and queer visibility in rural America. New York: New York University Press.
Green, A. I. (2002). Gay but not queer: Toward a post-queer study of society. Theory and Society, 31, 521–545.
Grossman, L. (2005). Grow up? Not so fast. Newsweek. Jan 16th edition.
Guasmo, B. (2008). Coming out or not? How nonheterosexual people manage their identity at work. Journal of Workplace Rights, 13, 473–496.
Guldi, M., Page, M. E., & Stevens, A. H. (2007). Family background and children’s transitions to adulthood over time. In S. Danziger & C. E. Rouse (Eds.), The price of independence: The economics of early adulthood (pp. 261–277). New York: Sage.
Habermas, J. (1989). The structural transformation of the public sphere. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Hagan, J., & McCarthy, B. (2005). Homeless youth and the perilous passage to adulthood. In W. Osgood, M. Foster, C. Flanagan, & G. Ruth (Eds.), On Your Own Without a Net (pp. 178–201). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Halberstam, J. (2005). In a queer time and place: Transgender bodies, subcultural Lives. New York: New York University Press.
Hartmann, D., & Swartz, T. T. (2007). The new adulthood? The transition to adulthood from the perspective of transitioning young adults. In R. Macmillan (Ed.), Constructing adulthood: Agency and subjectivity in adolescence and adulthood, advances in life course research volume 11. (pp. 253–286). New York: Elsevier/JAI Press.
Hogan, D. (1978). The variable order of events in the life course. American Sociological Review, 43, 573–586.
Hogan, D., & Astone, N. M. (1986). The transition to adulthood. Annual Review of Sociology, 12, 109–130.
Johnson, C. (2002). Heteronormative citizenship and the politics of passing. Sexualities, 5, 317–336.
Kefalas, M. J., Furstenberg, F., Jr., Carr, P. J., & Napolitano, L. (2011). Marriage is more than being together: The meaning of marriage among young adults in the united states. Journal of Family Issues, 32, 845–875.
Kreider, R. M., & Ellis, R. (2011). Number, timing, and duration of marriages and divorces: 2009. Current Population Reports (pp. 70–125). Washington: US Census Bureau.
Kreiss, J., & Patterson, D. (1997). Psychosocial issues in primary care of lesbian, gay, and transgender youth. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 11, 266–274.
Lannutti, P. J. (2007). For better or worse: Exploring meanings of same-sex marriage within lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered Community. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 5–18.
Lefkowitz, E. S., & Gillen, M. M. (2006). ’Sex is just a normal part of life’: Sexuality in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in america: Coming of age in the 21 st century (pp. 235–256). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Marini, M. (1978). The transition to adulthood: Sex differences in educational attainment and age at marriage. American Sociological Review, 43, 483–507.
Meunier, É. (2010) Barebacking and the culture of public sex: Analysis of a New York City sex party. Paper presented at the meeting of Reinstating Transgression: Emerging Political Economies of Queer Space at American University, Washington.
Miceli, M. (2005). Standing out, standing together: The politics of gay–straight alliances. New York: Routledge.
Mollenkopf, J., Waters, M. C., Holdaway, J., & Kasinitz, P. (2005). The ever-winding path: ethnic and racial diversity in the transition to adulthood. In R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., & R. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 454–497). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Moore, D. L., & Norris, F. H. (2005). Empirical investigation of the conflict and flexibility models of bisexuality. Journal of Bisexuality, 5, 5–25.
Mouw, T. (2005). Sequences of early adult transitions: A look at variability and Consequences. In R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., & R. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 256–291). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Osgood, W., Foster, M., Flanagan, C., & Ruth, G. (Eds.). (2005a). On your own without a net: The transition to adulthood for vulnerable populations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Osgood, W., Ruth, G., Eccles, J., Jacobs, J., & Barber, B. (2005b). Six paths to adulthood: Fast starters, parents without careers, educated partners, educated singles, and slow starters. In R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., & R. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 320–355). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Pascoe, C. J. (2007). Dude, you’re a fag: Masculinity and sexuality in high school. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Phinney, J. S. (2006). Ethnic exploration in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 117–134). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Plummer, K. (2010). Generational sexualities, subterranean traditions and the hauntings of the sexual world: Some preliminary remarks. Symbolic Interaction, 33, 163–190.
Raphael, S. (2007). Early incarceration spells and the transition to adulthood. In S. Danziger & C. E. Rouse (Eds.), The price of independence: The economics of early adulthood (pp. 278–305). New York: Sage.
Ray, N. (Ed.) (2008). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: An epidemic of homelessness. The National Gay and Lesbian Policy Task Force Institute and The National Coalition for the Homeless. Retrieved from http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/HomelessYouth.pdf
Richardson, D. (2000). Claiming citizenship? Sexuality, citizenship, and lesbian/feminist theory. Sexualities, 3, 255–272.
Rubin, G. (1993). Thinking sex: Notes toward a radical theory of sexuality. In H. Abelove, M. A. Barale, & D. M. Halperin (Eds.), The lesbian and gay studies reader (pp. 3–44). New York: Routledge.
Ryan, C. (2003). LGBT youth: Health concerns, services, and care. Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs, 20, 137–158.
Savin-Williams, R. C. (2005). The new gay teenager. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Schilt, K. (2006). Just one of the guys: How transmen make gender visible at work. Gender & Society, 20, 465–490.
Schwartz, S., Coté, J., & Arnett, J. J. (2005). Identity in emerging adulthood: Two developmental routes in the individualization process. Youth & Society, 37, 201–229.
Sedgwick, E. (1990). Epistemology of the closet. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Seidman, S. (1993). Identity politics in a postmodern gay culture: Some conceptual and historical notes. In M. Warner (Ed.), Fear of a queer planet (pp. 105–142). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Seidman, S. (1996). Introduction. In S. Seidman (Ed.), Queer theory/sociology (pp. 1–29). Cambridge: Blackwell.
Seidman, S. (2002). Beyond the closet: The transformation of gay and lesbian life. New York: Routledge.
Settersten, R. Jr. (2005). Social policy and the transition to adulthood: toward stronger institutions and individual capacities. In R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., & R. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy. (pp. 534–560). Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Settersten, R., Jr., Furstenberg, F., Jr., & Rumbaut, R. (Eds.). (2005). On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, public policy and change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Shanahan, M. J. (2000). Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: Variability and mechanisms in life course perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 667–692.
Shanahan, M. J., Porfeli, E. J., Mortimer, J. T., & Erickson, L. D. (2005). Subjective age identity and the transition to adulthood: When do adolescents become Adults. In R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., R. Rumbaut, R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., & R. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 225–255). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Stacey, J. (1998). Brave new families: Stories of domestic upheaval in late twentieth century america. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Stein, A. (1999). Becoming lesbian: Identity work and the performance of sexuality. In L. Gross & J. D. Woods (Eds.), The columbia reader on lesbians and gay men in media, society, and politics (pp. 81–92). Columbia University Press: New York.
Stein, A., & Plummer, K. (1994). ‘I can’t even think straight’: ‘Queer’ theory and the missing sexual revolution in sociology. Sociological Theory, 12, 178–187.
Thurlow, C. (2001). Naming the ‘outsider within’: Homophobic pejoratives and the verbal abuse of lesbian, gay and bisexual high school pupils. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 25–38.
Tolman, D. L., & Diamond, L. M. (2001). Desegregating sexuality research: Cultural and biological perspectives on gender and desire. Annual Review of Sex Research, 42, 362–371.
Tyre, P. (2002). Bringing up adultolescents. Time Magazine, Mar 25th edition
Uggen, C., & Wakefield, S. (2005). Young adults reentering the community from the criminal justice system: The challenge of becoming an adult. In W. Osgood, M Foster, C Flanagan, & G. Ruth (Eds.), On your own without a net (pp. 114–144). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Valentine, D. (2007). Imagining transgender: An ethnography of a category. Durham: Duke University Press.
Valentine, G., Skelton, T., & Butler, R. (2003). Coming out and outcomes: Negotiating lesbian and gay identities with, and in, the family. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 21, 479–499.
Van de Ven, P. (1995). Talking with juvenile offenders about gay males and lesbians: Implications for combating homophobia. Adolescence, 30, 19–42.
Warner, M. (2002). Publics and counterpublics. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Waters, M. C., Carr, P. J., Keflalas, M. J., & Holdaway, J. (Eds.). (2011). Coming of age in America: The transition to adulthood in the twenty-first century. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Weeks, J., Heaphy, B., & Donovan, C. (2001). Same sex intimacies: Families of choice and other life experiments. London: Routledge.
Westerfelhaus, R., & Lacroix, C. (2006). Seeing ‘straight’ through queer eye: Exposing the strategic rhetoric of heteronormativity in a mediated ritual of gay rebellion. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 23, 426–444.
Weston, K. (1992). Families we choose: Lesbians, gays, kinship. New York: Columbia University Press.
Wright, L. K. (Ed.). (1997). The bear book: Readings in the history and evolution of a gay male subculture. Binghamton: Haworth.
Wu, L. L., & Allen Li, J. C. (2005). Historical roots of family diversity: Marital and childbearing trajectories of american women. In R. Settersten Jr., F. Furstenburg Jr., & R. Rumbaut (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 110–149). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank Arlene Stein, Patrick Carr, Sarah Rosenfield, the anonymous SRSP reviewers, and the 2006 cohort RSC writing crew for their valuable feedback at various points in this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Torkelson, J. A Queer Vision of Emerging Adulthood: Seeing Sexuality in the Transition to Adulthood. Sex Res Soc Policy 9, 132–142 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-011-0078-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-011-0078-6