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The Serious Joy and the Joyful Work of Play: Children Becoming Agentive Actors in Co-Authoring Themselves and Their World Through Play

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Abstract

In most cultures, play seems to matter a great deal to young children. This is evidenced by the vast amount of time children spent playing and the combination of often unsurpassed passion, imagination, and energy which they invest in this activity. This paper explores why play matters through the lens of Bakhtin’s dialogic approach combined with Vygotsky’s developmental theory. In expanding upon their insights into a framework termed “the transformative activist stance,” we suggest that play offers unique opportunities for children to develop and exercise their agency, identity, and voice. While playing, according to this perspective, children discover how to be agentive actors—that is, unique persons who have an irreplaceable role in co-authoring social interactions, communal practices, and the world itself. In this complex endeavor, children sort out the difficult challenge of becoming unique, self-determined, and free persons within the communal world shared and co-created with others. Examples from video recordings of children’s interactive play in a naturalistic setting illustrate how play paves the way for children to collaboratively create and transform the world from their unique stances and positions. This approach suggests that play is serious work for children as they develop capacities for agency. Therefore, it is critically important that early education allocates ample time for this activity.

Résumé

Dans la plupart des cultures, le jeu semble avoir une grande importance pour les jeunes enfants. Le temps que les enfants passent à jouer et la combinaison, souvent inégalée, de passion, d’imagination et d’énergie qu’ils investissent dans cette activité, en sont la démonstration. Cet article explore pourquoi le jeu est si important, à travers la lentille de l’approche dialogique de Bakhtine combinée à la théorie du développement de Vygotsky. En élargissant leurs idées à un cadre appelé “position d’activité transformatrice,” nous suggérons que le jeu offre aux enfants des opportunités uniques de développer et exercer leur capacité d’agir, leur identité, et leur voix. Tout en jouant, selon cette perspective, les enfants découvrent comment être acteurs– c’est-à-dire être des personnes uniques qui ont un rôle irremplaçable comme co-auteurs d’interactions sociales, de pratiques communes et du monde lui-même. Dans cette entreprise complexe, les enfants trient le difficile défi de devenir uniques, auto déterminés et libres, dans le monde commun, partagé et co-créé avec les autres. Des exemples d’enregistrements vidéo de jeu interactif d’enfants dans un cadre naturel illustrent comment le jeu pave la voie pour que les enfants créent et transforment le monde, de façon collaborative, à partir de leurs postures et positions uniques. Cette approche suggère que le jeu est un travail sérieux pour les enfants qui développent leurs capacités d’acteurs. Par conséquent, il est extrêmement important que l’éducation des jeunes enfants alloue suffisamment de temps à cette activité.

Resumen

En la mayoría de las culturas, parece que el juego es muy importante para los niños y niñas. Esto se demuestra por la gran cantidad de tiempo que ellos pasan jugando y la combinación de pasión, imaginación, y energía sin igual que dedican a esta actividad. Este artículo examina por qué jugar es importante para los niños, a través de la perspectiva del enfoque dialógico de Bakhtin y de la teoría del desarrollo de Vygotsky. Nosotros ampliamos sus erudiciones en un marco compuesto llamado “postura activista transformadora.” Nosotros sugerimos que el juego ofrece oportunidades únicas en que los niños desarrollen y practiquen su agencia, su identidad y su voz. De acuerdo con esta perspectiva, mientras que los niños juegan, ellos descubren cómo ser un actor agenciador—es decir, una persona que tiene importancia y que desempeña un papel indispensable en la co-autoría agenciadora de las interacciones sociales, en las prácticas comunales, y en el mundo en general. Ejemplos en grabaciones de videos en cuáles los niños juegan en una forma interactiva en un entorno natural, ilustran cómo los juegos permiten que ellos, colectivamente, transformen el mundo a través de sus posturas y posiciones individuales. Este enfoque sugiere que el juego es un trabajo serio para los niños cuando ellos desarrollen las capacidades para el agenciamiento. Por lo tanto, es fundamental que la educación primaria asigne suficiente tiempo para esta actividad.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Maria Arievitch for Spanish translation and editorial work, as well as Enitza Carril and Elena Samoylenko for translation edits.

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Stetsenko, A., Ho, PC.G. The Serious Joy and the Joyful Work of Play: Children Becoming Agentive Actors in Co-Authoring Themselves and Their World Through Play. IJEC 47, 221–234 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-015-0141-1

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