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Seeing is Believing? Insights from Young Children in Nature

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Abstract

If the eye is a window to the soul, an important question to ask in the early years is “What do children see?” in their encounters with the world. Gaining a better understanding of children’s interpretations is central to the pedagogical task of early childhood teachers, yet children are seldom asked to provide their points of view outside of adult frameworks for learning. A photograph can be assumed to contain shared and consistent meaning. However, using a Bakhtinian theoretical perspective and the notion of visual surplus that ‘seeing’ is much more than merely a visual process of looking, the research investigates the question, “What do children ‘see’ in nature based education beyond the home-based gate?” The analyses consider the joint meaning-making processes between children and adults when children are invited to share their perspectives on experiences and in which photography is used as an intersubjective medium. Armed with digital cameras during outings into local landscapes, a group of four children attending home-based education was invited to capture sights of significance to them and their families. The perspectives of these children, based on what they saw during nature-based learning experiences, were captured through stimulated recall interviews with their Educator. Children’s insights are described in their own words, using photographs as a source of provocation. The findings highlight the symbolic, metaphoric, spiritual and relational nature of children’s interpretations when provoked by encounters with nature. These interpretations can present adults with significant challenge in their assumptions about children’s capacity to theorise about complex concepts and that adults share the same visual lens as children.

Résumé

Si l’œil est une fenêtre sur l’âme, «que voient les enfants dans leurs rencontres avec le monde?» est une question importante à se poser en jeune enfance. Il est primordial pour le travail pédagogique des enseignants préscolaires d’avoir une meilleure compréhension des interprétations des enfants; on demande pourtant rarement aux enfants de donner leurs points de vue hors des cadres d’apprentissage adultes. On peut supposer qu’une photographie a un sens partagé et cohérent. Cependant, utilisant une perspective théorique bakhtinienne ainsi que la notion de surplus visuel selon laquelle “voir” est beaucoup plus que le simple processus visuel de regarder, cette recherche examine la question suivante, «Qu’est-ce que les enfants voient dans une éducation basée sur la nature au-delà de la barrière familiale?» Les analyses examinent le processus conjoint de construction de sens des enfants et des adultes quand les enfants sont invités à partager leurs perspectives sur des expériences et dans lesquelles la photographie est utilisée comme medium intersubjectif. Armés de caméras numériques pendant des sorties dans la nature environnante, un groupe de quatre enfants fréquentant un service d’éducation familiale ont été invités à capturer des vues significatives pour eux et leurs familles. Les perspectives de ces enfants, sur la base de ce qu’ils ont vu pendant les expériences d’apprentissage basées sur la nature, ont été cueillies par des entrevues de rappel stimulé avec leur éducatrice. Les visions des enfants sont décrites dans leurs propres mots, à l’aide de photographies comme source de provocation. Les résultats font ressortir la nature symbolique, métaphorique, spirituelle et relationnelle des interprétations des enfants lorsque provoquées par des rencontres avec la nature. Ces interprétations peuvent soulever chez les adultes d’importantes questions sur leurs postulats sur la capacité des enfants à élaborer des théories de concepts complexes et que les adultes partagent la même vision que les enfants.

Resumen

Si los ojos son una ventana al alma, es importante preguntarse, “Qué ven los niños” en sus primeros años de vida durante sus encuentros con el mundo. Mejorar el entendimiento de las interpretaciones de los niños es central para la tarea pedagógica de los profesores y profesoras de infancia temprana, sin embargo, en raras ocasiones se les pide a los niños y niñas sus puntos de vista fuera de los marcos de los adultos para el aprendizaje. Una fotografía puede asumirse como un element que contiene significado consistente y compartido. Sin embargo, utilizando una perspectiva teórica Bakhtiniana y la noción de excedente visual de que ‘ver’ es mucho más que el propio proceso visual de ver, la investigación intenta responder la pregunta, “Qué ven los niños en la educación basada en la naturaleza, más allá de lo que hay en sus hogares?” El análisis considera los procesos conjuntos significativos entre niños/as y adultos cuando los menores son invitados a compartir sus perspectivas sobre experiencias, mientras se utiliza una fotografía como un medio intersubjetivo. Un grupo de 4 niños/as, equipados con cámaras digitales durante salidas a paisajes cercanos, que participan de una educación basada en el hogar, fue invitado a capturar imágenes de significado especial para ellos y sus familias. Las perspectivas de estos niños, basadas en lo que vieron durante sus experiencias educativas basadas en la naturaleza, fueron capturadas mediante entrevistas de recuerdo estimulado a sus educadores. Las perspectivas de los niños fueron descritas en sus propias palabras, utilizando fotografías como el recurso de provocación. Los resultados destacan la naturaleza simbólica, metafórica, espiritual y relacional de las interpretaciones de los niños al ser provocadas por encuentros con la naturaleza. Las interpretaciones pueden presentar a adultos con desafíos significativos en sus formas de asumir las capacidades de los niños de teorizar sobre conceptos complejos; y que los adultos comparten los mismos lentes de visión que los niños.

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Notes

  1. Mauao is the Māori name for Mount Maunganui on the coastal Bay of Plenty in New Zealand.

  2. Kaitiaki refers to the guardianship or custodial role that calls for New Zealanders to care for mother nature (or Papatuanuku) as a living entity.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of all members of the Ngahere Project. In particular, Kathryn Hart, whose leadership of the home-based team played a significant role in the development of this research. Thanks also to the Educators, Coordinators and children for their tremendous insights and provocations. Acknowledge is also offered to Tauranga Kindergarten Association and University of Waikato for support and funding to complete this work. I also wish to recognise the insights of Janette Kelly, who co-authored the wider Ngahere Project that underpins this paper. Additionally, thanks is offered to the reviewers for their added wisdom in presenting the project for an international early childhood audience.

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Correspondence to E. Jayne White.

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White, E.J. Seeing is Believing? Insights from Young Children in Nature. IJEC 47, 171–188 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-014-0118-5

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