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Effect of Water Level Fluctuation and Nitrate Concentration on Soil-Surface CO2 and CH4 Emissions from Riparian Freshwater Marsh Wetland

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Abstract

This study assessed the effect of water level fluctuation and \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) concentration levels on the soil CO2 and CH4fluxes from wetland. Intact soil columns collected from sites dominated by different vegetation types were incubated in laboratory and continuously treated with \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) enriched water. CO2 and CH4fluxes were measured from three manipulated water levels: 5 cm above the soil water surface, −10 cm and -20 cm below the soil water surface. Two \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) concentration levels 30 mg/L and 60 mg/L were used. This study revealed significant interaction effect between \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) concentration and water level on CO2 and CH4 fluxes. Water level fluctuation significantly affected CO2 fluxes. The overall mean CO2 emission at 5 cm of 6.45 mg/m2/h was two and five times lower than that at −10 cm (22.52 mg/m2/h) and − 20 cm (32.50 mg/m2/h), respectively. The mean CO2 fluxes in Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom was significantly higher when high \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) concentration was added in the soil while in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud and Carex pseudocuraica F.Schmidt higher CO2 fluxes were observed when low \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) concentration was added. \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) concentration levels significantly affected CH4 fluxes with the highest mean values measured when low \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) concentration was added. This implies that there could be significant change in CO2 and CH4 fluxes as a response of water level drawdown due to wetland drainage. High \({\mathrm{NO}}_3^{-}\) concentration leads to increase in CO2 in C. pseudo-curaica likely due to nutritional effect, and reduction in CO2 in C. pseudo-curaica and P. australis probable due to inducing carbon-limitation.

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Data Availability

Data available on request to the corresponding author Code availability (software application or custom code): Not applicable. The software used Rstudio is an open source.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge all those who contributed to accomplishment of this paper. The authors are grateful for the financial support from The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572017CA15) and Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (QC201604) supported this work.

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The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572017CA15) and Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (QC201604).

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  1. College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China

    Patteson Chula Mwagona, Yunlong Yao, Shan Yuanqi & Hongxian Yu

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  1. Patteson Chula Mwagona
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PCM, and YY, contributed to study conception and design, PCM, YY and SY contributed field sampling and data analysis, YY funding acquisition, YY and HY supervision, PCM, YY and SY drafted the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yunlong Yao.

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Mwagona, P.C., Yao, Y., Yuanqi, S. et al. Effect of Water Level Fluctuation and Nitrate Concentration on Soil-Surface CO2 and CH4 Emissions from Riparian Freshwater Marsh Wetland. Wetlands 41, 109 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01501-x

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