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New Insights Into the Influence of Plant and Microbial Diversity on Denitrification Rates in a Salt Marsh

  • Ecosystem Services of Wetlands
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Abstract

Coastal salt marshes are some of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous services such as soil carbon storage, flood protection and nutrient filtering, several of which are mediated by the sediment microbiome associated with marsh vegetation. Here, nutrient filtering (nitrate removal through denitrification) was examined by determining microbial (bacteria and archaea) community structure (16S rRNA gene iTag sequencing), diversity, denitrification rates and metabolic potential (assembled metagenomic sequences) in collocated patches of Spartina alterniflora (Spartina) and Juncus roemerianus (Juncus) sediments. The iTag data showed that diversity and richness in Spartina and Juncus sediment microbial communities were highly similar. However, microbial community evenness differed significantly, with the most even communities observed in Juncus sediments. Further, denitrification rates were significantly higher in Juncus compared to Spartina, suggesting oscillations in microbial abundances and in particular the core microbiome identified herein, along with plant diversity influence marsh nitrogen (N) removal. Amplicon and assembled metagenome sequences pointed to a potentially important, yet unappreciated Planctomycetes role in N removal in the salt marsh. Thus, ecosystem perturbations that alter marsh vegetation distribution could impact microbial diversity and may ultimately influence the ecologically important ecosystem functions the marsh sediment microbiome provides.

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Data Availability

Data is available in the appropriate repositories.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank A. Kleinhuizen and L. Linn with assistance in the laboratory. We would also like to thank Philip Hugenholtz and Gene Tyson for the opportunity to analyze metagenomic data at the Australian Centre for Ecogenomics. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation’s Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems grants 1438092 and 1643486. Metagenomic sequencing was provided by the Joint Genome Institute through a small-scale community sequencing project grant 503678.

Funding

This project was funded by the National Science Foundation’s Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental and Transport Systems grants 1438092 and 1643486. Metagenomic sequencing was provided by the Joint Genome Institute through a small-scale community sequencing project grant 503678.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Olivia U. Mason & Loren N. Knobbe

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

    Patricia Chanton & Behzad Mortazavi

  3. Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia

    Julian Zaugg

  4. Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, USA

    Behzad Mortazavi

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Contributions

BM and PC collected samples and determined denitrification rates. LK carried out DNA extractions, library preparation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. OUM carried out bioinformatics and statistical analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence data. OUM and JZ carried out metagenome assembly and analyzed MAGs. OUM and BM wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Olivia U. Mason.

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Mason, O.U., Chanton, P., Knobbe, L.N. et al. New Insights Into the Influence of Plant and Microbial Diversity on Denitrification Rates in a Salt Marsh. Wetlands 41, 33 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01423-8

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  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01423-8

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