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Ant Assemblages and Co-Occurrence Patterns in Cypress-Tupelo Swamp

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Abstract

While swamps perform valuable functions in coastal ecosystems, terrestrial invertebrates in these fragile habitats are poorly known. The aims of this study were to (1) uncover the ant diversity and functional groups of Cypress-Tupelo swamps; (2) examine the differences of ant assemblages across vertical strata within trees and across tree species within swamps; and (3) determine if the ant mosaic hypothesis applies to observed patterns of arboreal ant distribution. Pitfall traps were set in tree crowns and on trunks to collect the arboreal ants in three swamps in Louisiana. A total of 21 species from 11 genera were collected. Contrary to our hypothesis, ant diversity on trunks was higher than that in the canopy. A multivariate analysis revealed that the canopy and trunk support distinct ant assemblages, whereas ant species composition was not consistently different among the three dominant tree species- bald cypress, water tupelo, and red maples. In addition, evidence of ant mosaic distribution patterns were not detected. Moreover, we did not find dramatic changes of ant diversity or community structure in trees that were infested with invasive red imported fire ants. Our study provides a benchmark to evaluate the effects of disturbances and conservation management in swamp ecosystems.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Rachel Strecker for her technical help. We thank Joe MacGown (Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University) for confirmation of the identity of ant species. Thanks to Julie Whitbeck, Christian Winslow, Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Maurepas Swamp Wildlife Management Area, and Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for facilitating work at those locations. We also thank Wokil Bam, Brooke Henson, and Stacy Peterson for technical assistance. Partial funding for this project was provided by a grant from the Northern Gulf Institute to LMHB; however, the funding source had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, 404 Life Science Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Xuan Chen, Benjamin Adams, Alexander Sabo & Linda Hooper-Bùi

  2. Department of Biology, 139 Life Science Building, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA

    Benjamin Adams

  3. School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA

    Theresa Crupi

  4. School of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Linda Hooper-Bùi

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  1. Xuan Chen
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  2. Benjamin Adams
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  3. Alexander Sabo
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  4. Theresa Crupi
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  5. Linda Hooper-Bùi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Linda Hooper-Bùi.

Appendix

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Fig. 5
figure 5

Photos of (a) higher root area of some trees in Jean Lafitte, (b) Pitfall traps used to collect ants in trees: 1) cup trap, 2) bottle trap, and 3) trunk trap

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Chen, X., Adams, B., Sabo, A. et al. Ant Assemblages and Co-Occurrence Patterns in Cypress-Tupelo Swamp. Wetlands 36, 849–861 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0795-y

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