Résumé
Récemment, au Sénégal, un cas de paludisme à Plasmodium ovale a conduit à une difficulté diagnostique liée à la méconnaissance de ce parasite et de la négligence dont il fait l’objet. L’objectif de notre étude était de rechercher activement les cas de P. ovale qui passeraient inaperçus dans les structures de santé. La microscopie a été effectuée par des experts microscopistes sur des échantillons sanguins de patients suspects de paludisme. Les résultats ont été vérifiés par la Polymerase Chaine Reaction (PCR). Les cas positifs à P. ovale ont été génotypés en ciblant le gène P. ovale tryptophan-rich antigen (potra). Quatre cent six échantillons ont été prélevés. La microscopie a permis de noter 228 cas de P. falciparum (97 %), 3 cas de P. malariae (1,3 %) et 4 cas de P. ovale (1,7 %). Les cas de P. ovale observés à la microscopie ont été confirmés par la PCR en temps réel. Le génotypage de P. ovale a révélé 3 cas de P. ovale wallikeri et 1 cas de P. ovale curtisi. La prévalence du paludisme à P. ovale reste faible au Sénégal. Toutefois, il convient de former les microscopistes du paludisme à la reconnaissance des espèces autres que P. falciparum pour éviter les retards diagnostiques et les bilans inutiles.
Abstract
Recently in Senegal, a case of Plasmodium ovale malaria had led to a diagnostic difficulty due to the ignorance of this parasite and the neglect of it. The objective of this study was to actively investigate cases of P. ovale malaria that would be misdiagnosed in the health centre structures of Senegal. The study was conducted in three areas that reflect different epidemiological strata of malaria. Microscopy was performed by microscopy experts on suspected malaria patients. The results were validated by Rougemont real-time PCR. Positive P. ovale cases were genotyped by nested PCR targeting the potra gene. A total of 406 samples were taken. Microscopy of Giemsa stained thick and thin smears recorded 228 cases of Plasmodium falciparum (97%), 3 cases of Plasmodium malariae (1.3%), and 4 cases of P. ovale (1.7%). The cases of P. ovale observed at microscopy were confirmed by real-time PCR. Genotyping of P. ovale revealed 3 cases of P. ovale wallikeri and 1 case of P. ovale curtisi. The prevalence of P. ovale malaria remains low in Senegal. However, malaria microscopists should be trained to recognize non-falciparum species in order to avoid the diagnostic delays and unnecessary investigations. National malaria control program should consider those species for the better management of malaria control in the country. Simplified molecular methods like, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) may be useful to better characterize the epidemiology of non-falciparum malaria.
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Diallo, M., Diongue, K., Diagne, G. et al. Le paludisme à Plasmodium ovale wallikeri et Plasmodium ovale curtisi au Sénégal en 2016. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 110, 286–290 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-017-0578-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-017-0578-6
Mots clés
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium ovale wallikeri
- Plasmodium ovale curtisi
- Diagnostic
- Paludisme
- Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
- Deggo
- Diamniadio
- Thiès
- Kédougou
- Richard-Toll
- Sénégal
- Afrique intertropicale