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L’hypertension artérielle à Dakar : prévalence, connaissance, traitement et contrôle

Arterial hypertension in Dakar: Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control

Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique volume 108, pages 49–56 (2015)Cite this article

Résumé

L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les taux de prévalence, de connaissance, de traitement et de contrôle de l’hypertension artérielle — ainsi que leurs facteurs de risque — à Dakar. Pour cela, un échantillon représentatif de la population âgée de 20 ans et plus vivant dans le département de Dakar a été constitué par la méthode des quotas croisés (N = 600). La prévalence l’hypertension était de 27,50 %. Un peu plus d’un quart des individus atteints d’hypertension savaient qu’ils souffraient de ce problème de santé, et 61 % des personnes informées disaient suivre un traitement antihypertenseur. Cependant, parmi les personnes disant suivre un traitement, à peine 32 % avaient une tension contrôlée, soit moins de 6 % de l’ensemble des personnes atteintes d’hypertension. Ces résultats indiquent que l’hypertension constitue un problème de santé publique majeur à Dakar. Des mesures doivent être prises urgemment afin d’améliorer la détection et la prise en charge de la maladie.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and its risk factors in Dakar. Six hundred people aged 20 and older, living in the city of Dakar were interviewed. This sample was constructed using the combined quota method in order to strive to representativeness of the target population. Prevalence of hypertension was 27.50%. Quarter of those suffering from high blood pressure were aware of their problem, and among the latter, 61% said they were on treatment. However, of these, only 32% had controlled arterial blood pressure, that is less than 6% of those suffering from hypertension. Two factors were associated with hypertension, awareness, and treatment: age and the frequency of doctor visits. These results indicate that hypertension already constitutes a major health concern in the Senegalese capital. Detection can be considerably improved given that only a quarter of the hypertensives are aware of this problem. Compliance with treatments also appears particularly problematic. Public health policies should be quickly set up to minimize the consequences of this emerging burden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMI 3189 Environnement, santé, sociétés (Université Cheikh Anta Diop / CNRS / Université de Bamako / CNRST Burkina-Faso, Dakar, Senegal

    E. Macia, P. Duboz & L. Gueye

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  1. E. Macia
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  2. P. Duboz
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  3. L. Gueye
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Correspondence to E. Macia.

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Macia, E., Duboz, P. & Gueye, L. L’hypertension artérielle à Dakar : prévalence, connaissance, traitement et contrôle. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 108, 49–56 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-014-0369-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-014-0369-2

Mots clés

  • Hypertension
  • Connaissance
  • Traitement
  • Facteurs de risque
  • Domicile
  • Plateau
  • Grand Dakar
  • Parcelles Assainies
  • Almadies
  • Dakar
  • Sénégal
  • Afrique sub-saharienne

Keywords

  • Hypertension
  • Awareness
  • Treatment
  • Risk factors
  • Domicile
  • Plateau
  • Grand Dakar
  • Parcelles Assainies
  • Almadies
  • Dakar
  • Senegal
  • Afrique intertropicale