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Profil épidémio-clinique des toxidermies bulleuses chez l’enfant à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

Clinical-epidemiological profile of severe cutaneous drug reactions in children in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

  • Clinique / Clinics
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Résumé

Les toxidermies bulleuses telles que les syndromes de Stevens Johnson (SJS) et de Lyell semblent moins fréquentes chez l’enfant Cette étude rétrospective à visée descriptive avait pour but de décrire le profil épidémiologique, clinique et étiologique de ces toxidermies chez l’enfant africain au centre de dermatologie du CHU de Treichville d’Abidjan (Côte d’ivoire) pendant 10 ans. Avec 27 cas, les enfants représentaient 14,1 % des toxidermies soit une fréquence hospitalière estimée à 0,01%. Le sex-ratio (H/F) était de 1,2. L’âge moyen était de 10,3 ans. Le SJS avec 18 cas (66,7 %) venait en premier, suivi du syndrome de Lyell avec 9 cas (33,3 %). Les médicaments incriminés étaient dominés par la sulfadoxine-pyriméthamine (25,9 %). Le délai moyen d’apparition des lésions depuis la prise médicamenteuse était de 8,2 jours. Un seul enfant sur les sept dépistés pour le VIH était positif. Trois enfants atteints du syndrome de Lyell (11,1 %) sont décédés.

Abstract

Severe cutaneous drug reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life threatening in adults. They seem to be less common in children. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological profile of these drug reactions in African child. It was about a retrospective study carried on for 10 years at the Dermatology center of University Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire).Were included all children aged 0–15 years hospitalized for severe cutaneous drug reaction. They represented 14.1% (27 cases) with an estimated hospital rate of 0.01%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.2. The mean age was 10.3 years. 19 children were suffering from SJS (63%) and 9 children (33.3%) from TEN. Sulfonamides were the most commonly used drugs with sulfadoxin-pyrimethamin (25.9%), used for malariae, and cotrimoxazole (22.2%). Self-medication was practiced by 70.4% of parents. The average time to onset of lesions from drug intake was 8.2 days. Only one child was HIV infected. Three children affected by TEN (11.1%) died.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de dermatologie, CHU de Treichville-Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

    H. S. Kourouma, Y. I. Kouassi, A. Diabaté, A. Sangaré, E. J. Ecra, M. Kaloga, I. P. Gbery, A. Kouassi, K. Kassi & Y. P. Yoboué

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  1. H. S. Kourouma
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  2. Y. I. Kouassi
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  3. A. Diabaté
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  4. A. Sangaré
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  5. E. J. Ecra
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  6. M. Kaloga
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  7. I. P. Gbery
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  8. A. Kouassi
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  9. K. Kassi
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  10. Y. P. Yoboué
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Correspondence to H. S. Kourouma.

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Kourouma, H.S., Kouassi, Y.I., Diabaté, A. et al. Profil épidémio-clinique des toxidermies bulleuses chez l’enfant à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 107, 142–145 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-014-0360-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-014-0360-y

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