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VIH et facteurs de risque chez les donneurs de sang de remplacement familiaux et les bénévoles à l’hôpital central de Yaoundé, Cameroun

HIV and risk factors for the blood donors at the central hospital of Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Santé Publique / Public Health
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Résumé

La présente étude transversale, descriptive et analytique s’intéresse aux nouveaux donneurs de sang. Elle s’est déroulée du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2009 à la banque de sang de l’hôpital central de Yaoundé au Cameroun. L’objectif était de comparer l’occurrence du VIH en tenant compte des facteurs de risque. Un questionnaire était distribué aux donneurs sélectionnés, puis un échantillon de sang prélevé en vue de tests sérologiques. Au total, 5 058 personnes ont été incluses dans l’étude. L’examen des sérologies a montré une prévalence globale du VIH de 5,4 %. Les donneurs de remplacement familiaux constituaient la majorité (69,5 %) et présentaient un risque de séropositivité VIH plus élevé que les donneurs bénévoles en analyse brute. Mais, après ajustement, les donneurs de remplacement familiaux présentaient un risque de séropositivité VIH identique à celui des donneurs de sang bénévoles (odds ratios ajustés [aOR] ≈ 1,00). Les variables: rapport homosexuel (aOR = 1,61), avoir déjà fait un test de dépistage VIH (aOR = 1,83),mobilité (aOR = 2,24), traitement et antécédents d’IST (aOR = 3,81), utilisation du préservatif (aOR = 6,63), plus d’un partenaire sexuel (aOR = 8,40) restaient significativement associées au résultat de la sérologie VIH et constituaient les facteurs de risque à surveiller lors de la sélection des donneurs.

Abstract

The HIV/AIDS infection is in a permanent progress in Cameroon. Through this descriptive and analytical crosssectional study, we aimed to compare the occurrence of the HIV by taking into account the risks factors that are significantly associated with HIV. The investigation was carried out from 1 January till 31 December 2009 in the Blood Bank of the Central Hospital of Yaounde in Cameroon. A structured questionnaire was proposed to collect socio-demographic and risk behavioral information. Venous blood was collected for HIV antibody testing. Generalized estimating equation with logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for HIV infection. In all, 5 058 persons were included in this study. Serological examination revealed a total prevalence of 5.4% of HIV infection in the population studied. The family/replacement donors constituted the majority (69.5%) and showed a higher risk of seropositivity of HIV than the benevolent donors in raw analysis; but after adjustment, the family donors had the same risk of seropositivity of HIV than voluntary blood donors (aOR = 1.00). Variables such as homosexual intercourse (aOR = 1.61), to have already made a screening test of HIV (aOR = 1.83), mobility (aOR = 2.24), treatment and records of STI (aOR = 3.81), use of the condom (aOR = 6.63), more than one sexual partner (aOR = 8.40) remained significantly linked to the result of the HIV serology and constituted risk factors that will be emphasized during the selection of the donors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Banque du sang de l’hôpital central de Yaoundé, BP 87, Yaoundé, Cameroun

    S. Mole

  2. Institut supérieur des technologies médicales, BP 188, Yaoundé, Cameroun

    S. Mole

  3. Ministère de la Santé publique, Yaoundé, Cameroun

    E. Onana

  4. Direction de la lutte contre la maladie, Yaoundé, Cameroun

    D. Biholong

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  1. S. Mole
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  2. E. Onana
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  3. D. Biholong
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Correspondence to S. Mole.

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Mole, S., Onana, E. & Biholong, D. VIH et facteurs de risque chez les donneurs de sang de remplacement familiaux et les bénévoles à l’hôpital central de Yaoundé, Cameroun. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 104, 226–231 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-011-0163-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-011-0163-3

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