Abstract
Presently, there is no standard method required by the Florida statutes in a sinkhole investigation. However, most investigators follow the recommendations found in the Florida Geological Survey, Special Publication No. 57 (SP 57). This paper expands on the information in SP 57 by providing specific geophysical, geotechnical and structural recommendations that should be considered in sinkhole investigations. In particular, attention is directed at developing an understanding of the interaction of a building with the subsurface, how an investigation should be conducted to obtain this crucial information, and how the investigative process is interactive: as new information is developed, previous assumptions need to be reexamined in light of the new data. In addition, recommendations are made for the various steps to be taken in a subsurface investigation. Using the recommendations found in this manuscript, sinkhole investigations can become more standardized and comprehensive thereby gaining more agreement among investigators in the outcome of the investigation.

References
Day RW (1999) Forensic geotechnical and foundation engineering. McGraw-Hill, Boston, p 460
Dobecki TL, Upchurch SB (2006) Applications to detect sinkholes and ground subsidence. Lead Edge 25(3):336–341
International Code Council (2008) 2007 Florida Building Code—Existing Building: Country Club Hills, Ill., International Code Council, p 120
Schmidt W, compiler (2005) Geological and geotechnical investigation procedures for evaluation of the causes of subsidence damage. Florida Geological Survey Special Publication 57 (SP 57), Florida, p 22
Wightman MJ, Zisman ED (2008) The selection and application of geophysical test methods in karst terrains. In: Yuhr LB, Alexander EC, Beck BF (eds) Sinkholes and the engineering and environmental impacts of karst—proceedings of the eleventh multidisciplinary conference, September 22–26, 2008, vol 183. American Society of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Special Publications, Tallahassee, pp 81–90
Zisman ED (2001a) A standard method for sinkhole detection in the Tampa, Florida, area. Environ Eng Geosci 7(1):51–65
Zisman, ED (2001b) Application of a standard method of sinkhole detection in the Tampa, Florida, area. In: Beck BF, Herring JG (eds) Geotechnical and environmental applications of karst geology and hydrology—Proceedings of the eigth multidisciplinary conference on sinkholes and karst, Louisville, Ky., April 1–4, 2001, Balkema, pp 187–192
Zisman ED (2003a) Guilty until proven innocent—sinkhole definition & identifying features. In: Beck BF (ed) Sinkholes and engineering and environmental impact of karst, proceedings of the ninth multidisciplinary conference, September 6–10, 2003, vol 122. American Society of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Special Publications, Huntsville, pp 124–130
Zisman ED (2003b) Sinkhole size. In: Beck BF (ed) Sinkholes and engineering and environmental impact of karst, proceedings of the ninth multidisciplinary conference, September 6–10, 2003, vol 122. American Society of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Special Publications, Huntsville, pp 131–137
Zisman ED (2005) Sinkhole case studies—is it or isn’t it a sinkhole? In: Beck BF (ed) Sinkholes and engineering and environmental impact of karst, proceedings of the tenth multidisciplinary conference, September 24–28, 2005, vol 144. American Society of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Special Publications, San Antonio, pp 303–310
Zisman ED (2009) Forensic considerations in sinkhole investigations. In: Chen S-E, de Leon AD, Dolhon AM, Drerup MJ, Parfitt MK (eds) Forensic engineering 2009—pathology of the built environment, proceedings of the fifth congress on forensic engineering, November 11–14, 2009, Washington D.C., pp 224–233
Zisman ED (2010) The use of forensic engineering in sinkhole investigations. In: Fratta DO, Puppala AJ, Muhunthan B (eds) GeoFlorida 2010—advances in analysis, modeling, and design, February 20–24, 2010, vol 199. American Society of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Special Publications, West Palm Beach, pp 1201–1207
Zisman ED, Wightman MJ, Taylor C (2005) The effectiveness of GPR in sinkhole investigations. In: Beck BF (ed) Sinkholes and engineering and environmental impact of karst, proceedings of the tenth multidisciplinary conference, September 24–28, 2005, vol 144. American Society of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Special Publications, San Antonio, pp 608–615
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zisman, E.D., Wightman, M. & Kestner, J. Sinkhole investigation methods: the next step after special publication no. 57. Carbonates Evaporites 28, 103–109 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-013-0145-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-013-0145-6