Abstract
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which connects the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, plays important roles in the inter-ocean water exchange and regional or even global climate variability. The Makassar Strait is the main inflow passage of the ITF, carrying about 77% of the total ITF volume transport. In this study, we analyze the simulated ITF in the Makassar Strait in the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 3 (SODA3) datasets. A total of nine ensemble members of the SODA3 datasets, of which are driven by different surface forcings and bulk formulas, and with or without data assimilation, are used in this study. The annual mean water transports (i.e., volume, heat and freshwater) are related to the combination of surface forcing and bulk formula, as well as whether data assimilation is employed. The phases of the seasonal and interannual variability in water transports cross the Makassar Strait, are basically consistent with each other among the SODA3 ensemble members. The interannual variability in Makassar Strait volume and heat transports are significantly correlated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at time lags of -6 to 7 months. There is no statistically significant correlation between the freshwater transport and the ENSO. The Makassar Strait water transports are not significantly correlated with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which may attribute to model deficiency in simulating the propagation of semiannual Kelvin waves from the Indian Ocean to the Makassar Strait.
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Acknowledgements
CCMP Version-3.0 vector wind analyses are produced by Remote Sensing Systems, available at www.remss.com. The SODA3 datasets are provided by the University of Maryland, available at https://www2.atmos.umd.edu/-ocean/. We appreciate Liwei Wang and Dawei Li for conducting the collection and formal process and analysis of the data, and cherish the memory of them.
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Foundation item: The Fund of Laoshan Laboratory under contract No. LSKJ202202700; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076023, 42076024 and 41876027; the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction II Project under contract No. GASI-01-AIP-STwin.
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Xu, T., Wei, Z., Zhao, H. et al. Simulated Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait across the SODA3 products. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 43, 80–98 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-023-2186-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-023-2186-6