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Ecology of Pinnidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Thailand

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Abstract

The ecology of the family Pinnidae was studied by sampling three pinnid species from 36 sampling sites across four different microhabitats in the Gulf of Thailand. The species spatial distributions were mostly uniform, with some populations having random distributions. Species abundances differed between sandy and coral habitats according to non-metric multi-dimension scaling analyses. Although the Gulf of Thailand is a relatively small geographic area, habitats are varied enough to provide variable shell densities. Small islands are important distribution areas, and coral reefs provide both direct and indirect shelter which support high abundances, densities and increased shell size. The highest density was recorded in sand beds within coral reefs. Low density and small shell size in sand beaches might be related to high mortality in shallow water or to adaptations for survival in shallow waters. A clear correlation between sediment composition and species abundance was found in Pinna atropurpurea; abundance increased with the sand content of the sediment. For P. deltodes, abundance increased as the rock fraction of the sediment increased. These results suggest that adaptations in Pinnidae, such as shell size, shell morphology, and the exposure of the shell above the sediment-water interface, are responses for survival in different habitats.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Lakeside Fund, California Academy of Sciences for support and fund to confirm shell specimens, and Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Ramkhamhaeng University, for assistance in survey and scuba diving for collecting specimen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Animal Systematic Special Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Cheewarat Printrakoon

  2. Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, 94118, USA

    Peter D. Roopnarine

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand

    Thamasak Yeemin

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  1. Cheewarat Printrakoon
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  2. Peter D. Roopnarine
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  3. Thamasak Yeemin
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Correspondence to Cheewarat Printrakoon.

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Foundation item: The Thai Research Fund, Office of the Higher Education Commission, KURDI and PRF from Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University.

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Printrakoon, C., Roopnarine, P.D. & Yeemin, T. Ecology of Pinnidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Thailand. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 38, 52–69 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1230-4

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