Abstract
Limited studies have investigated the modification of tidal currents by mangrove trees. In particular, the impacts of mangrove trees on a vertical velocity profile remain unclear. An automatic system is developed to observe the vertical velocity profiles within a mangrove forest composed of artificially introduced Kandelia obovata located on the Ximen Island, the southern Zhejiang Province. The results reveal low flow velocities throughout the vertical profile within the mangrove forest. The vertical profile shows an overall decrease of the velocity with an increasing height above the bed. This pattern is due to the vertical increase of the drag force by the trunks and tree canopies. In addition, the turbulent energy density also varies vertically, corresponding to the vertical structure of the mangrove trees. In comparison with the vertical structure of flows within bare mudflats (semi-logarithmic) and salt marshes (nearly J-shape), the mangrove trees are shown to have a considerable impact on the vertical velocity profile in different ways.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Zhenyu Sun from Xiamen University for his support in fieldwork. Thanks extend to the local management office of Ximen Island National Nature Reserve, for the site access.
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Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41006047 and 41776096; the Fundamental Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No. JT1505.
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Chang, Y., Chen, Y. & Li, Y. Flow modification associated with mangrove trees in a macro-tidal flat, southern China. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 38, 1–10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1163-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-018-1163-y