Abstract
Large eddy simulation (LES) is used to investigate contrasting dynamic characteristics of shear turbulence (ST) and Langmuir circulation (LC) in the surface mixed layer (SML). ST is usually induced by wind forcing in SML. LC can be driven by wave-current interaction that includes the roles of wind, wave and vortex forcing. The LES results show that LC suppresses the horizontal velocity and greatly modifies the downwind velocity profile, but increases the vertical velocity. The strong downwelling jets of LC accelerate and increase the downward transport of energy as compared to ST. The vertical eddy viscosity K m of L is much larger than that of ST. Strong mixing induced by LC has two locations. They are located in the 2δ s–3δ s (Stokes depth scale) and the lower layer of the SML, respectively. Its value and position change periodically with time. In contrast, maximum K m induced by ST is located in the middle depth of the SML. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) generated by LC is larger than that by ST. The differences in vertical distributions of TKE and K m are evident. Therefore, the parameterization of LC cannot be solely based on TKE. For deep SML, the convection of large-scale eddies in LC plays a main role in downward transport of energy and LC can induce stronger velocity shear (S 2) near the SML base. In addition, the large-scale eddies and S 2 induced by LC is changing all the time, which needs to be fully considered in the parameterization of LC.
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Foundation item: The National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under contract No. 2011CB403504; the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No. 2013M542216; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41206011.
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Li, G., Wang, D., Chen, J. et al. Contrasting dynamic characteristics of shear turbulence and Langmuir circulation in the surface mixed layer. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 34, 1–11 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-015-0661-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-015-0661-4