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DNA barcoding and genetic variability of earthworms (Clitellata: Oligochaeta) with new records from Mizoram, India

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Abstract

Earthworms are an important part of terrestrial ecosystems that are often acknowledged for their diverse ecological functions. Mizoram, one of the northeastern regions (NER) of India, was assessed for earthworm diversity and genetic variability based on integrated taxonomical procedures using morpho-anatomical features and sequencing of the COI gene. For species delimitation, three barcoding approaches, i.e., ABGD, BIN, and barcode gap analysis (BGA), were employed, and the K2P intraspecific, as well as interspecific distances, were evaluated in MEGA X. Also, for phylogenetic studies, maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian interference (BI) trees were generated. The genetic variability and haplotype analysis were assessed using DnaSP and Network. The morpho-anatomical features revealed 20 species that belonged to 3 families (Moniligastridae, Megascolecidae, and Rhinodrilidae) across 5 genera: Drawida, Amynthas, Metaphire, Perionyx, and Pontoscolex. Furthermore, we reported 12 new earthworm records from Mizoram that includes Amynthas carinensis carinensis, Metaphire anomala, Perionyx rufulus, P. depressus, Pontoscolex corethrurus, Drawida bullata, D. victoriana, D. vulgaris, D. papillifer papillifer, D. nagana, D. periodosa, and D. assamensis species. The mean K2P intraspecific and minimum interspecific genetic distances were 9.59% and 13.97%. Moreover, the species P. depressus and M. houlleti showed deep intraspecific divergence and are composed of several cryptic species. ABGD proposed a barcode gap of 10–12%, whereas BGA suggested around 13%. All the species were strongly supported in MP and BI trees; however, P. depressus appeared polyphyletic and the paraphyly or polyphyly of genera Amynthas and Metaphire were supported. Furthermore, the network revealed 43 haplotypes, and the genetic diversity was highest in P. depressus and M. houlleti.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available on Barcode life data system under the project “Diversity studies of Earthworms of India using DNA” (https://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/MAS_Management_DataConsole?codes=IEW).

Change history

  • 17 October 2021

    The citation of the author name Shweta Yadav has been updated.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Principal Chief Conservator Forest (PCCF), Mizoram, and Divisional Forest Officers of Murlin National Park, Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary, Phawngpui National Park, and Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, for providing facility for sampling at reserved forests and Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science, and Technology, Govt. of India, New Delhi, for the financial support to carry out the study.

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  1. Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India

    Azhar Rashid Lone, Nalini Tiwari & Shweta Yadav

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India

    Samrendra Singh Thakur

  3. Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos, 102101, Nigeria

    Olusola B. Sokefun

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Lone, A.R., Thakur, S.S., Tiwari, N. et al. DNA barcoding and genetic variability of earthworms (Clitellata: Oligochaeta) with new records from Mizoram, India. Org Divers Evol 21, 737–751 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00520-0

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