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Absence of co-phylogeny indicates repeated diatom capture in dinophytes hosting a tertiary endosymbiont

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Abstract

Tertiary endosymbiosis is proven through dinophytes, some of which (i.e. Kryptoperidiniaceae) have engulfed diatom algae containing a secondary plastid. Chloroplasts are usually inherited together permanently with the host cell, leading to co-phylogeny. We compiled a diatom sequence data matrix of two nuclear and two chloroplast loci. Almost all endosymbionts of Kryptoperidiniaceae found their closest relatives in free-living diatoms and not in other harboured algae, rejecting co-phylogeny and indicating that resident diatoms were taken up by dinophytes multiple times independently. Almost intact ultrastructure and insignificant genome reduction are supportive for young, if not recent events of diatom capture. With their selective specificity on the one hand and extraordinary degree of endosymbiotic flexibility on the other hand, dinophytes hosting diatoms share more traits with lichens or facultatively phototrophic ciliates than with green algae and land plants. Time estimates indicate the dinophyte lineages as consistently older than the hosted diatom lineages, thus also favouring a repeated uptake of endosymbionts. The complex ecological role of dinophytes employing a variety of organismic interactions may explain their high potential and plasticity in acquiring a great diversity of plastids.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant GO 1549 10-1) and the Münchener Universitätsgesellschaft. We thank Nina Simanovic for improving the English text, and the Scientific Committee of the 11th International Conference on Modern and Fossil Dinoflagellates for awarding the first author of this study with the Best Young Scientist Oral Presentation.

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  1. Department Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67,, 80 638, Munich, Germany

    Anže Žerdoner Čalasan, Juliane Kretschmann & Marc Gottschling

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  1. Anže Žerdoner Čalasan
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Correspondence to Marc Gottschling.

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Žerdoner Čalasan, A., Kretschmann, J. & Gottschling, M. Absence of co-phylogeny indicates repeated diatom capture in dinophytes hosting a tertiary endosymbiont. Org Divers Evol 18, 29–38 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0348-0

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