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Molecular evidence for the origin and evolutionary history of the rare American desert monotypic family Setchellanthaceae

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Abstract

Setchellanthus caeruleus, which has disjunct populations in the north of the Chihuahuan Desert and in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley, was selected to understand the evolutionary history of plants in this desert and its southerly relicts. This species constitutes the monotypic family Setchellanthaceae, which forms part of a group of plants that produce mustard-oil glucosides or glucosinolates. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on DNA plastid sequences of plants of S. caeruleus from both areas, including representative taxa of the order Brassicales, were carried out to estimate the time of origin of the family (based on matK + rcbL) and divergence of populations (based on psbI-K, trnh-psbA, trnL-trnF). In addition, comparative ecological niche modelling was performed to detect if climate variables vary significantly in northern and southern populations. Analyses revealed that Setchellanthaceae is an ancient lineage that originated between 78 and 112 Mya during the mid-late Cretaceous—much earlier than the formation of the Chihuahuan Desert. The molecular data matrix displayed a few indel events as the only differences of plastid DNA sequences between northern and southern populations. It is suggested that due to climate changes in this desert in the Pliocene, populations of Setchellanthus remained in the Sierra de Jimulco and in Cuicatlán, in climatically stable locations. Ecological niche models of northern populations predict niches of southern populations and identity niche tests indicate that there are no differences in their ecological niches.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Israel Loera, Diego Angulo, and Etelvina Gándara for assistance in the field. We also thank Arith Pérez and Cristina Bárcenas for their help in the laboratory. We thank Tom Wendt for his help for accessing specimens in TEX. We thank the curators of ENCB, IEB, MEXU, and XAL for allowing us to access their collections. Laboratory and fieldwork was supported by a grant from CONACyT (106060) to V.S. Part of this study constituted fulfilment of the Bachelor's thesis requirement of W.C. at Universidad Veracruzana.

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  1. Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, AC, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Tania Hernández-Hernández, Wendy B. Colorado & Victoria Sosa

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  1. Tania Hernández-Hernández
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  2. Wendy B. Colorado
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  3. Victoria Sosa
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Correspondence to Victoria Sosa.

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Appendices

Appendix 1

Species considered in phylogenetic analyses for Setchellanthaceae and their GenBank accession numbers (matK and rbcL).

Malvales: Anisoptera marginata AJ581409, Y15144. Bixa orellana FM179929, AF022128. Bombax buonopozense AY321171, AF022118. Daphne bholua FM179927, AF022132. Dombeya spectabilis AY321173, AY082354. Halimium lasianthum GQ281698, GQ281670. Helianthemum scopulicola DQ092970, Y15141. Hibiscus syriacus EF207270, AY328174. Luehea seemannii GQ982036, GQ981791. Peddiea africana FJ572800, AJ745176. Sterculia tragacantha AY321178, FJ976172. Thymelaea hirsuta EU002191, Y15151. Huertales: Gerrardina foliosa FM179924, AY757086. Tapiscia sinensis EU002190, AF206825. Brassicales: Bretschneidera sinensis AY483220, M95753. Batis maritima AY483219, M88341. Aethionema grandiflora AF144354, AY167983. Alliaria petiolata AF144363, FJ395597. Arabidopsis lyrata AF144342, XM2888312. Arabis glabra AF144333, DQ310542. Armoracia rusticana FN597648, AF020323. Brassica napus AB354273, AF267640. Cakile maritima GQ424577, AY167981. Capsella bursa-pastoris HQ619802, FN594844. Cardamine flexuosa AB248011, D88905. Cardamine hirsuta HQ619803, HQ619739. Cochlearia danica AF174531, FN594827. Descurainia sophia GQ424581, FN594838. Erophila verna HQ619804, HQ619740. Erysimum handel-mazzettii DQ409262, AY167980. Halimolobos jaegeri DQ406763, FN594846. Heliophila variabilis GQ424588, AM234933. Iberis amara GQ424589, FN594828. Isatis tinctoria AB354278, FN594830. Lepidium perfoliatum DQ406766, GQ436651. Nasturtium officinale AY483225, AF020325. Neslia paniculata DQ406767, DQ310541. Raphanus raphanistrum AB354265, GQ184382. Rorippa islandica DQ406770, AF020328. Sisymbrium irio AF144366, AY167982. Noccaea cochleariformis GQ424598, FN594826. Thlaspi arvense AF144360, FN594829. Vella pseudocytisus GQ248209, GQ248705. Apophyllum anomalum AY483227, AY483264. Cadaba virgata EU371753, AM234931. Capparis spinosa AY491650, AY167985. Crataeva palmeri AY483229, AY483265. Maerua kirkii AY483229, AY483265. Wislizenia refracta AY483230, AY483266. Forchhammeria trifoliata AY483235, AY483271. Carica papaya AY483245, AY483277. Cylicomorpha parviflora AY042564, M95671. Jacaratia digitata AY461575, AF405244. Cleome hassleriana AY461574, AF405245. Cleome pilosa AY491649, M95755. Cleome viridiflora AY483231, AY483267. Podandrogyne decipiens AY483232, AY483268. Polanisia dodecandra EU371815, AY483269. Gyrostemon thesioides AY483234, AY167984. Tersonia cyathiflora FJ212199, FJ212210. Koeberlinia spinosa AY483238, L22441. Floerkea proserpinacoides AY483222, L14600. Moringa oleifera EU002178, L12679. Pentadiplandra brazzeana AY483223, L11359. Caylusea latifolia AY483239, U38533. Ochradenus baccatus GQ891209, GQ891229. Oligomeris linifolia GQ891194, GQ891210. Reseda lutea AY483240, AY483272. Reseda luteola AY483241, AY483273. Reseda crystallina FJ212206, FJ212219. Sesamoides purpurascens FJ212200, FJ212212. Setchellanthus caeruleus FJ212208, KC778754; FJ212221, KC778756; Tovaria pendula AY483242, M95758. Tropaeolum majus AY483224, AB043534.

Appendix II

Specimens of Setchellanthus caeruleus utilized for morphological observations and for ecological niche models. Specimens utilized for molecular analyses and their GenBank accession numbers are also indicated.

Northern populations

Coahuila: I. M. Johnston 11478 (XAL), Coahuila, Jimulco, 103.2’W, 25.183’N; J. Valdés Reyna, H. H. Iltis, K. Karol & E. Blanco 149963 (TEX), Coahuila, Torreón, 103.64’ W, 25.51’N; M. Engleman (XAL). Durango: Durango, Lerdo, 103.64’W, 25.52’N; Durango: D. S. Correll & I. M.Johnston 20012, 149968 (TEX), Durango, Lerdo, 103.65’W, 25.21’N; H. H. Iltis & A. Lasseigne, 100 (XAL) Durango, Lerdo, 103.71’W, 25.43’N; H. H.Iltis & A. Lasseigne, 149964 (TEX) Durango, Lerdo, 103.71’W, 25.45’N; E. Gándara 3046 (XAL), Durango, Mapimí, 25.67’W, 103.87’N; E. Gándara 3050 (XAL), Durango, Lerdo, 25.43’W, 103.70’W; H. Sánchez-Mejorada 2576 (MEXU), km 101 carretera Gómez-Palacio a Ceballos; J. Henrickson 23145 (TEX), Durango, ca. 16 air miles SW of Torreón, upper road to Microondas Sapioris 103.45'W, 25.26'N. DNA plastid sequences (psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF and psbI-psbK). Population 1: E. Gándara 3046 (XAL) (KC778733 - KC778736; KC778769 - KC778772; KC867730 - KC8737) Population 2: Gándara 3050 (XAL) (KC867721 - KC867728; KC86772 - KC867719; KC778749 - KC778752).

Southern populations

Oaxaca: C. A. Purpus 3400 (UC), Mesa de Coscomate; F. González-Medrano F-1552 (MEXU), Oaxaca, Cuicatlán, 96.99’W, 17.81’N; J. G. Sánchez-Ken 220 (MEXU), Oaxaca, Cuicatlán, 97.01’W, 17.81’N; F. González-Medrano F-1168 (MEXU), Oaxaca, Teotitlán, 97.06’W, 18.09’N; P11767 (XAL), 97.48’W, 18.31’N; A. Valiente Banuet 900 (MEXU), 97.48’W, 18.32’N; 149967 (TEX), Puebla, San José Miahuatlán, 97.22’W, 18.17’N; M. Castañeda-Zárate & W. Colorado-Durán 432–444 (MEXU), Puebla, Zapotitlán de las Salinas, 18.31’W, 97.47’N; J. Rzedowski 33229 (MEXU), 17 km SW de Tehuacán, carretera a Huajuapan de León; J. Panero (3465) (MEXU) ca. 5 km from Axusco. DNA plastid sequences (trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF and psbI-psbK): Population 1: M. Castañeda-Zárate & W.B. Colorado-Durán 432–436 (MEXU) (KC778722 - KC778726; KC778758 - KC778762; KC778738 - KC778743). Population 2: M. Castañeda-Zárate & W. B. Colorado-Durán 437–444, (KC778727 - KC778730; KC778763 - KC778767; KC778744 - KC778748) A. Valiente Banuet 900 (MEXU) (KC78731 - KC8732; KC8767 - KC778768).

Carica papaya N. P. Moreno 101 (XAL), Xalapa, Veracruz (KC867738, KC867729, KC867720).

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Hernández-Hernández, T., Colorado, W.B. & Sosa, V. Molecular evidence for the origin and evolutionary history of the rare American desert monotypic family Setchellanthaceae. Org Divers Evol 13, 485–496 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-013-0136-4

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