Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality among people with type 1 diabetes. Diet is an important lifestyle factor that relates to risk of CHD.
The aim of this study was to examine how diet and adherence to dietary guidelines differ between adults with and without type 1 diabetes, and their correlation with CHD risk factors and coronary artery calcium (CAC).
Methods
The study involved 571 people with type 1 diabetes and 696 controls, aged 19 to 56 years, who were asymptomatic for CHD. CAC was measured by electron-beam computed tomography.
Results
Compared with the controls, adults with type 1 diabetes reported a diet higher in fat, saturated fat and protein but lower in carbohydrates. Fewer than half of those with type 1 diabetes met dietary guidelines for fat and carbohydrate intake, and only 16% restricted saturated fat to less than 10% of daily energy intake. Adults with type 1 diabetes were significantly less likely to meet dietary guidelines than controls. Fat and saturated fat intakes were positively correlated, but carbohydrate intake was negatively correlated with CHD risk factors and HbA1c. A high-fat diet and higher intake of protein were associated with greater odds of CAC, while higher carbohydrate intake was associated with reduced odds of CAC.
Conclusions/interpretation
Adults with type 1 diabetes reported consuming higher than recommended levels of fat and saturated fat. High fat intake was associated with increased CHD risk factors, worse glycaemic control and CAC. An atherogenic diet may contribute to the risk of CHD in adults with type 1 diabetes.
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Références
American Diabetes Association (2006) Standards of medical care in diabetes — 2006. Diabetes Care 29(Suppl 1): S4–S42
The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the Spanish Diabetes Association (2006) Diabetes Nutrition and Complications Trial: adherence to the ADA nutritional recommendations, targets of metabolic control and onset of diabetes complications. A 7-year prospective, population-based, observational multi-center study. J Diabetes Complications 20: 361–366
Mayer-Davais EJ, Nichols M, Liese AD, et al. (2006) Dietary intake among youth with diabetes: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. J Am Diet Assoc 106: 689–697
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Borot, S. Habitudes alimentaires des patients diabétiques de type 1 et risque cardiovasculaire: quels liens ?. Diabetol. Notes Lect. 1, 23–24 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13116-009-0011-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13116-009-0011-9