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Aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes rat heart and hindleg muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction

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Abstract

Arteriogenesis is a main defense mechanism to prevent heart and local tissues dysfunction in occlusive artery disease. TGF-β and angiostatin have a pivotal role in arteriogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes cardiac and skeletal muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI) parallel to upregulation of TGF-β and downregulation of angiostatin. For this purpose, 4 weeks after LAD occlusion, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups: (1) sham surgery without MI (sham, n = 10), (2) control-MI (Con-MI, n = 10), (3) l-arginine-MI (La-MI, n = 10), (4) exercise training-MI (Ex-MI, n = 10), and (5) exercise and l-arginine-MI (Ex + La-MI). Exercise training groups running on a treadmill for 10 weeks with moderate intensity. Rats in the l-arginine-treated groups drank water containing 4 % l-arginine. Arteriolar density with different diameters (11–25, 26–50, 51–75, and 76–150 μm), TGF-β, and angiostatin gene expression were measured in cardiac (area at risk) and skeletal (soleus and gastrocnemius) muscles. Smaller arterioles decreased in cardiac after MI. Aerobic training and l-arginine increased the number of cardiac arterioles with 11–25 and 26–50 μm diameters parallel to TGF-β overexpression. In gastrocnemius muscle, the number of arterioles/mm2 was only increased in the 11 to 25 μm in response to training with and without l-arginine parallel to angiostatin downregulation. Soleus arteriolar density with different size was not different between experimental groups. Results showed that 10 weeks aerobic exercise training and l-arginine supplementation promotes arteriogenesis of heart and gastrocnemius muscles parallel to overexpression of TGF-β and downregulation of angiostatin in MI rats.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the national elite foundation, Tehran, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

    Kamal Ranjbar & Farhad Rahmani-Nia

  2. Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran

    Elham Shahabpour

Authors
  1. Kamal Ranjbar
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  2. Farhad Rahmani-Nia
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  3. Elham Shahabpour
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farhad Rahmani-Nia.

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Animals used in these experiments were treated in accordance with National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the study protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Lorestan University of Medical Science.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Ranjbar, K., Rahmani-Nia, F. & Shahabpour, E. Aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes rat heart and hindleg muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction. J Physiol Biochem 72, 393–404 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-016-0480-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-016-0480-x

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