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Competitive apnea diving sessions induces an adaptative antioxidant response in mononucleated blood cells

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Abstract

The aim was evaluating the effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation repetitive episodes during 5 days of apnea diving (3-day training/2-day competition) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage, and plasma xanthine oxidase activity. Blood samples, from seven professional apnea divers, were taken under basal conditions the previous morning to the first training session (pre-diving basal), 4 h after ending the competition (4 h post-diving) and the following morning (15 h after last dive) in basal conditions (post-diving basal). Glucose levels significantly decreased whereas triglycerides increased at 4 h post-diving, both returning to basal values at post-diving basal. Glutathione reductase and catalase activity significantly increased after 4 h post-diving remaining elevated at post-diving basal. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and catalase protein levels progressively increased after diving with significant differences respect to initial values at post-diving basal. No significant differences were observed in circulating PBMCs and oxidative damage markers. Plasma xanthine oxidase activity and nitrite levels, but not the inducible nitric oxide synthetase, significantly increased 4 h post-diving, returning to the basal values after 15 h. In conclusion, chronic and repetitive episodes of diving apnea during five consecutive days increased plasma xanthine oxidase activity and nitric oxide production which could enhance the signalling role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species for PBMCs antioxidant adaptation against hypoxia/reoxygenation.

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Funding

This work is funded by Acción Estratégica en Salud del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación DPS2008-07033-C03-03, Program of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences, Projects 11/01791, Red Predimed-RETIC RD06/0045/1004, CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038 and Balearic Island Government (35/2011 and 23/2012), and FEDER funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    A. Sureda, J. M. Batle, J. A. Tur & A. Pons

  2. CIBEROBN: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    A. Sureda, J. M. Batle, J. A. Tur & A. Pons

  3. Laboratori de Ciències de l’Activitat Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crtra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain

    A. Pons

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  1. A. Sureda
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  2. J. M. Batle
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  3. J. A. Tur
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  4. A. Pons
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Correspondence to A. Pons.

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Sureda, A., Batle, J.M., Tur, J.A. et al. Competitive apnea diving sessions induces an adaptative antioxidant response in mononucleated blood cells. J Physiol Biochem 71, 373–380 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-015-0417-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-015-0417-9

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