Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Vascular damage in obese female rats with hypoestrogenism

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Increase in body weight and adiposity has deleterious consequences on health. The aim of this study was to compare morphological and metabolic changes in the arterial vessels of Wistar rats with conditions of obesity, hypoestrogenism, and hypoestrogenism plus obesity. Ovariectomized rats (hypoestrogenic condition) received 30 % sugar in drinking water plus standard diet during 10 weeks. The hypoestrogenic-obese (HE-OB) group presented increase in weight, blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia compared with other groups. The morphological study in aortic vessels from HE showed damage in endothelial smooth muscle tissue compared with the other groups. Adipose cells volume in HE-OB (59.33 ± 2.38 μ3 × 105) and obese (OB) (54.95 ± 1.36 μ3 × 105) groups were significantly larger than control group (36.38 ± 0.98 μ3 × 105). In the HE group adipocyte hyperplasia was observed, while in OB group adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia was shown. The vascular reactivity in HE-OB and OB groups presented decrease in the relaxation to acetylcholine compared with control conditions (p < 0.05), whereas the addition of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester resulted in a greater inhibition of relaxation in HE-OB and OB groups compared with control conditions (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the dysfunction in blood vessels observed in estrogen deficiency and obesity conditions contributes to early cardiovascular alterations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Arjmandi BH, Alekel L, Hollis BW, Amin D, Stacewics-Sapuntzakis M et al (1996) Dietary soybean protein prevents bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis. J Nutr 126:161–167

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Barton M (2010) Obesity and aging: determinants of endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Pflügers Arch 460:825–837

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Barton M (2013) Prevention and endothelial therapy of coronary artery disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 13(2):226–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Beatty W, O'Briant D, Vilberg T (1975) Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol injections on food intake and body weight in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Pharmac Biochem Behav 3:539–544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Berger JJ, Barnard RJ (1999) Effect of diet on fat cell size and hormone-sensitive lipase activity. J App Physiol 87:227–232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Boqué N, Campión J, Paternain L, García-Díaz DF, Galarraga M et al (2009) Influence of dietary macronutrient composition on adiposity and cellularity of different fat depots in Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem 65:387–395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Brownlee M (2003) Radical explanation for glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction. J Clin Invest 112:1788–1790

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Carillon J, Romain C, Bardy G, Fouret G, Feillet-Coudray C et al (2013) Cafeteria diet induces obesity and insulin resistance associated with oxidative stress but not with inflammation. Improvement by dietary supplementation of a melon superoxide dismutase. Free Radic Biol Med 65:254–261

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Commerford SR, Pagliassotti MJ, Melby CL, Wei Y, Gayles EC, Hill JO (2000) Fat oxidation, lipolysis, and free fatty acid cycling in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. Am J Physiol Endocrino Metab 279:E875–E885

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. De Ferranti S, Mozaffarian D (2008) The perfect storm: obesity, adipocyte dysfunction, and metabolic consequences. Clin Chem 54:945–955

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Diamond F (2002) The endocrine function of adipose tissue. Growth Genet Horm 18:17–22

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dobrian AD, Davies MJ, Prewitt RL, Lauterio TJ (2000) Development of hypertension in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Hypertension 35:1009–1015

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dobrian AD, Davies MJ, Schriver SD, Lauterio TJ, Prewitt RL (2001) Oxidative stress in a rat model of obesity-induced hypertension. Hypertension 37(2 Pt 2):554–560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Dubrovska G, Verlohren S, Luft FC, Gollasch M (2004) Mechanisms of ADRF release from rat aortic adventitial adipose tissue. Am Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286:H1107–H1113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Duckles SP, Krause DN, Stirone C, Procaccio V (2006) Estrogen and mitochondria: a new paradigm for vascular protection? Mol Interv 6:26–35

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Faust IM, Johnson PR, Stern JS, Hirsch J (1978) Diet-induced adipocyte number increase in adult rats: a new model of obesity. Am J Physio 235:E279–E286

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL (2002) Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000. JAMA 288:1723–1727

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Granger DN, Rodrigues SF, Yildirim A, Senchenkova EY (2010) Microvascular responses to cardiovascular risk factors. Microcirculation 17(3):192–205

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hausman DB, Fine JB, Tagra K, Fleming SS, Martin RJ, DiGirolamo M (2003) Regional fat pad growth and cellularity in obese Zucker rats: modulation by caloric restriction. Obes Res 11:674–682

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hill-Pryor C, Dunbar JC (2006) The effect of high fat-induced obesity on cardiovascular and physical activity and opioid responsiveness in conscious rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 28:13–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kanarek RB, Orthen-Gambill N (1982) Differential effects of sucrose, fructose and glucose on carbohydrate-induced obesity in rats. J Nutr 112:1546–1554

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kang LS, Chen B, Reyes RA, Leblanc AJ, Teng B et al (2011) Aging and estrogen alter endothelial reactivity to reactive oxygen species in coronary arterioles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300(6):H2105–H2115

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kannel WB, Brand N, Skinner JJ Jr, Dawber TR, McNamara PM (1967) The relation of adiposity to blood pressure and development of hypertension. The Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 67:48–59

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kershaw E, Flier S (2004) Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:2548–2556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lemonnier D (1972) Effect of age, sex, and sites on the cellularity of the adipose tissue in mice and rats rendered obese by a high-fat diet. J Clin Invest 51:2907–2915

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Liang Y, Akishita M, Kim S et al (2002) Estrogen receptor beta is involved in the anorectic action of estrogen. Int J Obes 26:1103–1109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Löhn M, Dubrovska G, Lauterbach B, Luft FC, Gollasch M, Sharma AM (2002) Periadventitial fat releases a vascular relaxing factor. FASEB 16:1057–1063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, Collins R, Sorlie P et al (1990) Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part I, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 335:765–774

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink DA (2001) A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide: Biol Chem 5(1):62–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Misso ML, Murata Y, Boon WC, Jones ME, Britt KL et al (2003) Cellular and molecular characterization of the adipose phenotype of the aromatase-deficient mouse. Endocrinology 144:1474–1480

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Newbold RR, Padilla-Banks E, Jefferson WN, Heindel JJ (2008) Effects of endocrine disruptors on obesity. Int J Androl 31:201–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Novella S, Dantas AP, Segarra G, Novensà L, Bueno C et al (2010) Gathering of aging and estrogen withdrawal in vascular dysfunction of senescent accelerated mice. Exp Gerontol 45(11):868–874

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Piya MK, McTernan PG, Kumar S (2013) Adipokine inflammation and insulin resistance: the role of glucose, lipids and endotoxin. J Endocrinol 216(1):T1–T15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Prophet EB, Mills B, Arrington JB (1992) Laboratory methods in histotechnology. American Registry of Pathology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  36. Rappelli A (2002) Hypertension and obesity after the menopause. J Hyperten 20:S26–S28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Roberts CK, Barnard RJ, Sindhu RK, Jurczak M, Ehdaie A et al (2005) A high fat, refined-carbohydrate diet induces endothelial dysfunction and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and depresses NOS protein expression. J Appl Physiol 98:203–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Roberts CK, Vaziri ND, Barnard RJ (2001) Protective effect of estrogen on gender-specific development of diet-induced hypertension. J Appl Physiol 91:2005–2009

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Romero-Silva S, Martínez MA, Romero-Romero LP, Rodriguez O, Salas G et al (2011) Effects of honey against the accumulation of adipose tissue and the increased blood pressure on carbohydrate-induced obesity in rat. Lett Drug Des Discov 8:69–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Roy EJ, Wade GN (1977) Role of food intake in estradiol-induced body weight changes in female rats. Horm Behav 8:265–274

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Sorensen MB, Collins P, Ong PJ, Webb CM, Hayward CS et al (2002) Long-term use of contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in young women impairs arterial endothelial function assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation 106(13):1646–1651

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Svendsen O, Hassager C, Christiansen C (1995) Age and menopause associated variations in body composition and fat distribution in healthy women as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metabolism 44:369–373

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Tappy L, Le KA (2010) Metabolic effects of fructose and the worldwide increase in obesity. Physiol Rev 90:23–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Tchernof A, Poehlman ET, Despres JP (2000) Body fat distribution, the menopause transition, and hormone replacement therapy. Diabetes Metab 26:12–20

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Triggle CR, Hollenberg M, Anderson TJ, Ding H, Jiang Y et al (2003) The endothelium in health and disease–a target for therapeutic intervention. J Smooth Muscle Res 39:249–267

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Young J, Landsberg L (1981) Effect of oral glucose on blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Metabolism 30:421–424

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Zhang L, Fujii S, Kosaka H (2007) Effect of oestrogen on reactive oxygen species production in the aortas of ovariectomized Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 25(2):407–414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research was supported by Conacyt postgraduate fellowship number 219828. The authors greatly appreciate the technical assistance of Ing. R. Fernández and Lic. H. Vázquez for the bibliographic assistance.

Conflict of interest

There is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmacobiology Department, Cinvestav-IPN, Sede Sur, Mexico, Mexico

    Luis Angel Lima-Mendoza, Juventino Colado-Velázquez III, Patrick Mailloux-Salinas, Josué V. Espinosa-Juárez, Norma L. Gómez-Viquez, Tzindilu Molina-Muñoz & Guadalupe Bravo

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico, Mexico

    Fengyang Huang

  3. Departamento Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-IPN, Calz. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330, Mexico, Mexico

    Guadalupe Bravo

Authors
  1. Luis Angel Lima-Mendoza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Juventino Colado-Velázquez III
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Patrick Mailloux-Salinas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Josué V. Espinosa-Juárez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Norma L. Gómez-Viquez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tzindilu Molina-Muñoz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Fengyang Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Guadalupe Bravo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guadalupe Bravo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lima-Mendoza, L.A., Colado-Velázquez, J., Mailloux-Salinas, P. et al. Vascular damage in obese female rats with hypoestrogenism. J Physiol Biochem 70, 81–91 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-013-0283-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-013-0283-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation