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Evaluation of blood antioxidant defense and apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes on exogenous administration of pineal proteins and melatonin in rats

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Abstract

In view of the significant health impact of oxidative stress and apoptosis dysfunction, and further, because of suggestions that administration of antioxidants might reduce apoptosis rate through up-regulation of body antioxidant defense systems, therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (PP at 100 μg/kg BW, i.p.) with melatonin (MEL at 10 mg/kg BW, i.p.) on blood (erythrocytes) antioxidant defense system and apoptosis in isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes of female Wistar albino rats. The cell viability index (%) and apoptosis index (%), which are directly related to the apoptosis rate of the cells, were used as dependent measures for inferring PP and MEL activity. The total cell viability index did not differ between rats treated with MEL and PP from control animals. The percentage of apoptotic cell death through fluorescence microscopy also did not change in MEL and PP groups as compared with control. DNA fragmentation as an index of apoptosis was detected with propidium iodide staining and assessed by flow cytometry. Pineal proteins and MEL administration caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in lipid peroxidation and increased level of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione in erythrocytes as compared with control. Interestingly, we did not observe increase in the non-viable cells and percentage of apoptotic cell death in PP-treated group, controls or in animals in which MEL had been administered. Therefore, the present study confirmed the up-regulation of erythrocytes (blood) antioxidant defense systems and absence of adverse effect on rate of apoptosis in PP and MEL-administered rats under absence of stress or toxicant exposure. Hence, these test agents can be tested for further therapeutic values against adverse apoptosis rate under stress or toxicants exposures.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported in the form of a Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) to the first author (VKB) and facilities provided by Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), India for conducting this study is duly acknowledged. We would like to thank all the staff of our animal facility for the care of the subjects used in this study and for their assistance during the project.

Conflict of interest and disclosure statement

All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest that might have influenced the views expressed in this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurophysiology Laboratory, Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vijay K. Bharti & R. S. Srivastava

  2. Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India

    J. K. Malik

  3. 323 Brock Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada, M6K 2M6

    D. Warren Spence

  4. Somnogen Inc., College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M6H 1C5

    S. R. Pandi-Perumal

  5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 100 Bronte Road, Unit 422, Oakville, ON, Canada, L6L 6L5

    Gregory M. Brown

  6. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 1R8

    Gregory M. Brown

  7. Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, C/o—56 APO, Leh, 194101, India

    Vijay K. Bharti

Authors
  1. Vijay K. Bharti
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  2. R. S. Srivastava
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  3. J. K. Malik
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Correspondence to Vijay K. Bharti.

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Bharti, V.K., Srivastava, R.S., Malik, J.K. et al. Evaluation of blood antioxidant defense and apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes on exogenous administration of pineal proteins and melatonin in rats. J Physiol Biochem 68, 237–245 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-011-0136-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-011-0136-9

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